这就是为什么你需要注射流感疫苗

这就是为什么你需要注射流感疫苗

It's never too late to benefit from a flu shot, even into December and January, says Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt School of Medicine in Nashville.

纳什维尔范德比尔特医学院的传染病专家威廉·沙夫纳博士说，接种流感疫苗永远不会太晚，即使是在12月和1月。

"Giving influenza vaccine to people with heart disease, for example, is as important as giving them a statin," Schaffner says, yet many people living with chronic illness — and even many of their health care providers — don't realize how vital flu vaccination is to managing their condition.

沙夫纳说:“举个例子，给心脏病患者注射流感疫苗和给他们注射他汀类药物一样重要。”然而，许多慢性病患者，甚至他们的许多医疗保健提供者，都没有意识到流感疫苗对控制病情的重要性。

"Effectiveness" only refers to the ability of the vaccine to prevent illness, and the vaccine does so much more than that," says Dr. LJ Tan, chief strategy officer for the nonprofit Immunization Action Coalition, based in St. Paul, Minn.

明尼苏达州圣保罗的非营利免疫行动联盟的首席战略官LJ谭博士说，“有效性”只是指疫苗预防疾病的能力，而疫苗的作用远不止于此。

Extra benefits from the flu shot for certain groups

对特定人群注射流感疫苗的额外好处

In older adults, the flu shot prevents the loss of quality of life that can result from influenza complications, Tan says. That protection is also important for people with chronic conditions beyond heart disease, such as diabetes, asthma, and lung or liver disease. Doctors say flu shots are also indicated for patients with suppressed immune systems and for most people who have an autoimmune condition.

谭说，在老年人中，流感疫苗可以防止流感并发症导致的生活质量下降。这种保护对患有心脏病以外的慢性疾病的人也很重要，这些疾病包括糖尿病、哮喘、肺病或肝病。医生表示，流感疫苗也适用于免疫系统受到抑制的患者和大多数自身免疫性疾病患者。

Flu cases don't typically peak until well after the start of the new year, but infections often begin picking up in December. Most children each year who die from the flu had not been vaccinated, and many were healthy until their infection.

流感病例通常要到新年伊始很长一段时间后才会达到高峰，但感染通常会在12月份开始增加。每年死于流感的大多数儿童都没有接种疫苗，很多人在感染之前都很健康。

Why myths about flu and flu shots persist

为什么关于流感和流感疫苗的谬论仍然存在

Too often, doctors say, people shy away from the shot because they've heard falsehoods or misconceptions about the flu vaccine.

医生们说，人们常常因为听到有关流感疫苗的谎言或误解而回避注射疫苗。

"When you repeat a myth often enough, it takes on its own life," Tan says. Inaccurate information seems more prevalent for the flu vaccine than for any other vaccine, he says, likely because it's the only one recommended for nearly everyone, every year.

谭说:“当你经常重复一个神话时，它就会出现。”他说，与其他疫苗相比，流感疫苗的不准确信息似乎更为普遍，这可能是因为它是每年唯一被推荐给几乎所有人的疫苗。

Some myths are simply misconstrued — from a kernel of truth.

有些谬论只是从真理的核心被误解了。

For example, Schaffner says, one of the leading reasons people opt out of the vaccine is that they don't think it works well enough. The flu shot's effectiveness does, in fact, fluctuate quite a bit from year to year.

沙夫纳说，例如，人们选择不接种疫苗的主要原因之一是他们认为疫苗的效果不够好。事实上，流感疫苗的效果每年都会有相当大的波动。

Need more reasons to get vaccinated? Here are five of the most common myths about flu shots.

需要更多的理由接种疫苗吗?以下是关于流感疫苗最常见的5个误区。

1. Can getting the flu vaccine give you the flu or make you sick?

注射流感疫苗会让你患上流感或生病吗?

Fact: The flu shot can't give you the flu.

事实:流感疫苗不会让你患上流感。

2. Aren't deaths from the flu exaggerated?

死于流感的人是不是被夸大了?

Fact: Deaths from influenza range from a few thousand to tens of thousands every U.S. flu season.

事实:美国每个流感季节死于流感的人数从几千到几万不等。

3. Don't flu vaccines contain dangerous ingredients, such as mercury, formaldehyde and antifreeze?

流感疫苗是否含有危险成分，如汞、甲醛和防冻剂?

Fact: Flu shot ingredients do not pose a risk to most people.

事实:流感疫苗成分不会对大多数人构成风险。

4. Should pregnant women avoid the flu shot?

孕妇应该避免注射流感疫苗吗?

Fact: Pregnant women are particularly advised to get the flu shot.

事实:孕妇尤其应该注射流感疫苗。

5. Don't pharmaceutical companies make a massive profit from flu vaccines?

制药公司不会从流感疫苗中获得巨大利润吗?

Fact: Revenue from vaccines make up a tiny proportion of pharma profits­ and make it possible for companies to continue making the vaccines in the event of a pandemic.

事实:疫苗的收入只占制药公司利润的很小一部分，这使得制药公司有可能在大流行发生时继续生产疫苗。