内分泌专家给糖尿病患者的5个建议

内分泌专家给糖尿病患者的5个建议

If you have type 2 diabetes, it means your body isn’t using insulin the way it should. Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas that helps move sugar from your blood to your muscles and other cells so they have enough energy to function. With type 2 diabetes, though, you need more insulin than usual to do this task.

如果你有2型糖尿病，这意味着你的身体没有以它应该的方式使用胰岛素。胰岛素是一种胰腺分泌的激素，它能将血糖从血液中转移到肌肉和其他细胞中，使它们有足够的能量发挥作用。然而，对于2型糖尿病来说，你需要比平时更多的胰岛素来完成这项任务。

That means your pancreas has to do more work. It’s basically like it’s running on a treadmill trying to keep up. When doctors treat type 2 diabetes, we prescribe medications to patients with the goal of helping the pancreas do its job as well as possible for as long as possible.

这意味着你的胰腺需要做更多的工作。这就像在跑步机上跑步一样。当医生治疗2型糖尿病时，我们会给病人开一些处方药，目的是尽可能长时间地帮助胰腺正常工作。

We tell patients to cut down on sugar intake, so the pancreas doesn’t have as much work to do, we give medications that help insulin work more effectively and we also often prescribe insulin to help do some of the pancreas’ job for it.

我们告诉病人减少糖的摄入，这样胰腺就没有那么多的工作要做，我们给病人药物来帮助胰岛素更有效地工作，我们也经常开胰岛素来帮助胰腺完成一些工作。

There are different types of insulin; some is taken with meals, some is taken just once a day, and some is taken a few times a day. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best fit for you.

胰岛素有不同的种类;有些随餐服用，有些一天一次，有些一天几次。你的医生会和你一起确定最适合你的。

Controlling diabetes means committing to a healthier overall lifestyle, as well as taking medication regularly, so I always share the following with my patients to keep them on track:

控制糖尿病意味着承诺一个更健康的整体生活方式，以及定期服药，所以我总是与我的病人分享以下内容，以使他们走上正轨:

1. Understand what you’re putting into your body.

了解你的身体吃进了什么东西。

It’s so important that patients know what foods they can eat without raising their blood sugar levels. Many of my patients don’t realize fruit can be problematic with type 2 diabetes. Most patients think fruit is really healthy, and it is, but too much fruit can make your blood sugar levels very high because they’re full of natural sugar. A couple pieces of fruit each day is healthy for patients with diabetes, but it’s important to eat fruit, like everything, in moderation.

病人知道他们可以吃什么食物而不提高他们的血糖水平非常重要。我的很多病人都没有意识到水果会对2型糖尿病造成问题。大多数病人认为水果是健康的，确实如此，但是过多的水果会使你的血糖水平很高，因为它们富含天然糖分。每天吃几片水果对糖尿病患者来说是健康的，但重要的是要适量吃水果，就像吃其他东西一样。

2. Understand that diabetes is a lifelong disease.

要知道糖尿病是一种终身疾病。

When you’re diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you’re going to be managing it for the rest of your life. That can really overwhelm patients, and they often think they need to completely change their lives immediately. But to make permanent change, you’ve got to be realistic about what you’re capable of. Patients are often more successful when they make small changes, little by little, that they’ll be able to sustain for the rest of their lives. Try one new thing at a time and take advantage of your provider’s guidance and ask for help from nurses and certified diabetes educators.

当你被诊断为2型糖尿病时，你的余生都要和它打交道。这真的会让病人不知所措，他们经常认为他们需要立即彻底改变他们的生活。但要做出永久性的改变，你必须对自己的能力有一个现实的认识。当病人一点一点地做了小的改变，他们就会更成功，这样他们就能在余生中一直坚持下去。每次尝试一件新事物，利用你的提供者的指导，向护士和认证的糖尿病教育工作者寻求帮助。

3. It’s so important to find the right doctor.

找到合适的医生是非常重要的。

Because diabetes is a lifelong disease, it means you’ll be working with your diabetes doctor for many years to come. Find a provider who listens and understands the realistic barriers you face. Every patient with diabetes is different, with different sets of challenges. If you trust your provider and develop a strong relationship with him or her, you’re going to get better care and guidance, which will result in better management of the disease.

因为糖尿病是一种终身疾病，这意味着你将与你的糖尿病医生一起努力很多年。找一个提供者，他会倾听并理解你面对的现实障碍。每个糖尿病患者都是不同的，面临着不同的挑战。如果你相信你的医生，并与他/她建立起牢固的关系，你将会得到更好的治疗和指导，这将会更好地管理疾病。

4. Be honest with your doctor.

对医生要诚实。

Once you find the right doctor, it’s so important to be honest with him or her. Don’t be afraid to tell your doctor what is and isn’t working for you, and always ask what you can do differently if your blood sugar levels aren’t ideal. When you give your provider accurate information, that allows him or her to better care for you—you might need more or different medications, or you might be eating or drinking something you are not aware raises your blood sugar so much. Don’t just blame yourself if you’re not getting your blood sugar in check; work with your doctor to get things under control.

一旦你找到了合适的医生，对他/她诚实是非常重要的。不要害怕告诉你的医生什么对你有用，什么对你没用，如果你的血糖水平不理想，总是问问你能做些什么。当你给你的医生准确的信息，让他或她更好地照顾你时，你可能需要更多或不同的药物，或者你可能正在吃或喝一些你没有意识到的东西，使你的血糖升高这么多。如果你的血糖没有得到控制，不要只责怪自己;和你的医生一起控制病情。

5. Don’t give up.

不要放弃。

I think my biggest tip for both patients and caregivers would be to never give up. There is a recipe out there for every single patient, and it’s a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. If something isn’t effective, keep trying to find the recipe that works for you. You may have a lot to learn along the way, but you will get there—it can be done. I emphasize to patients that hitting one bump in the road doesn’t mean their journey is over and impossible. It just means we need to try something else.

我认为我给病人和护理人员的最大建议就是永不放弃。每个病人都有自己的治疗方法，这是生活方式改变和药物治疗的结合。如果某样东西没有效果，继续尝试找到适合你的方法。在这个过程中，你可能会学到很多东西，但是你会到达那里——这是可以做到的。我向患者强调，路上的一个颠簸并不意味着他们的旅程已经结束，不可能了。这只是意味着我们需要尝试其他东西。