研究表明，怀孕期间任何程度的饮酒或吸烟都可能影响新生儿的大脑发育

研究表明，怀孕期间任何程度的饮酒或吸烟都可能影响新生儿的大脑发育

If you're stressed or wanting to enjoy virtual happy hour with friends while pregnant, having a glass of wine every so often may seem like a relaxing plan.

如果你感到压力很大，或者想在怀孕期间和朋友一起享受虚拟的欢乐时光，那么隔一段时间喝杯酒似乎是一个放松的计划。

But that behavior runs counter to a study published Tuesday in the journal JAMA Network Open.

但这种行为与周二发表在《美国医学会开放网络》杂志上的一项研究背道而驰。

Researchers found drinking or smoking of any level while pregnant— from low to high, and even if you quit early — influenced the brain development of the mothers' newborns.

研究人员发现，怀孕期间任何程度(从低到高)的饮酒或吸烟，即使你提前戒掉，都会影响母亲新生儿的大脑发育。

Negative long-term effects of excessive prenatal alcohol or tobacco exposure (or both), increasethe risk for multiple adverse outcomes, researchers observed.

研究人员观察到，产前过量饮酒或吸烟(或两者兼而有之)的长期负面影响，增加了产生多种不良后果的风险。

However, public health hasn't yet determined a safe level of alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy, the study said. So the authors examined the link between prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco smoking and brain activity in newborns.

然而，研究称，公众健康还没有确定怀孕期间饮酒或吸烟的安全水平。因此，作者们研究了产前饮酒和吸烟与新生儿大脑活动之间的联系。

They didn't find a safe, conclusive level, but the findings suggested drinking or smoking in early stages andthen quitting, or doing so at low, moderate or high levels all impacted newborn brain development.

他们没有找到一个安全的、结论性的水平，但研究结果表明，在早期饮酒或吸烟，然后戒烟掉，或在低强度、中强度、高强度下戒烟，都会影响新生儿的大脑发育。

Effects of alcohol and tobacco on brain activity

酒精和烟草对大脑活动的影响

Participants were 1.739 newborns enrolled in the Safe Passage Study, a large multidisciplinary study investigating the association between prenatal alcohol exposure, sudden infant death syndrome and stillbirth.

这项名为“安全通道研究”的大型多学科研究共有1739名新生儿参与。该研究旨在调查产前饮酒、婴儿猝死综合征和死产之间的关系。

The Safe Passage Study also determined how they're affected by environmental and lifestyle factors. The Safe Passage Study has concluded, but the current article is a follow up of the newborns included.

安全通道研究还确定了它们如何受到环境和生活方式因素的影响。安全通道研究已经得出结论，但目前的文章是对新生儿的后续研究。

Their mothers were recruited from 2011 through 2015 from clinical sites in Cape Town, South Africa, and the Northern Plains region of the United States.

他们的母亲是从2011年到2015年从南非开普敦和美国北部平原地区的临床站点招募的。

Mothers who took psychiatric medication were excluded from the current study.

服用精神药物的母亲被排除在目前的研究之外。

Details regarding prenatal alcohol exposure were collected using a 30-day Timeline Followback Interview, in which women self-reported their daily alcohol consumption on their last drinking day and 30 days prior, up to four times during pregnancy. They also recorded whether they shared a drink with someone, the type and brand of alcohol, container size and how long they drank per instance.

通过30天的时间线追踪访谈收集有关产前饮酒的详细信息，在访谈中，妇女自我报告她们在最后一天和30天之前的每日饮酒量，在怀孕期间多达四次。他们还记录了他们是否与他人共享一杯酒，酒精的类型和品牌，容器大小，以及每次饮酒的时间。

Information for prenatal tobacco exposure was also gathered up to four times during pregnancy. They also indicated how often, and the number of tobacco cigarettes, they smoked on an average smoking day.

还收集了多达四次的在怀孕期间产前吸烟信息。他们还指出了她们平均每天吸烟的频率和数量。

On 12 regions on the newborns' scalps, researchers conducted an electroencephalogram, or EEG, while they were sleeping.

在新生儿头皮上的12个区域，研究人员在他们睡觉时进行了脑电图(EEG)。

An EEG is a noninvasive test of brain function and activity reflecting electrical activity in the brain'scortex.

脑电图是对大脑功能和活动的无创检测，反映大脑皮层的电活动。

Infants whose moms smoked at moderate levels anytime during pregnancy, smoked at high levels anytime during pregnancy had decreased activity in the right-central area of their brains, compared with newborns who weren't exposed to tobacco while in the womb.

母亲在孕期任何时候适度吸烟，在孕期任何时候大量吸烟，与在子宫内没有接触烟草的新生儿相比，他们大脑的右脑中心区域活动减少。