种一万亿棵树能扭转气候变化的破坏吗?

种一万亿棵树能扭转气候变化的破坏吗?

Last year there was some very encouraging research that found there is room for an extra 0.9 billion hectares of canopy cover which could store 205 gigatonnes of carbon. The researchers wrote that this wasn't "just one of our climate change solutions, it is overwhelmingly the top one."

去年有一些非常鼓舞人心的研究发现，还有9亿公顷的森林覆盖面积可以储存2050亿吨碳。研究人员写道，这不仅仅是“我们应对气候变化的解决方案之一，它绝对是最重要的。”

Unfortunately, within a matter of days we had to take off our party hats when the workings of that study began to fall apart. And while a lot of us want to believe that the trees will save us, restoration ecologist Karen Holl explains why planting trees alone can't mitigate the climate crisis.

不幸的是，几天之内，当那项研究的工作开始崩溃时，我们不得不摘掉党帽。虽然我们很多人都想相信树木能拯救我们，但修复生态学家卡伦·霍尔解释了为什么光种树不能缓解气候危机。

Holl hails from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) and penned a commentary in the journal "Science," the gist of which confirms that planting trees alone is not a fix for climate change.

霍尔来自加州大学圣克鲁斯分校(UCSC)，并在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇评论文章，文章的主旨证实，仅仅植树并不能解决气候变化问题。

"We can't plant our way out of climate change," says Holl, a professor of environmental studies at UCSC and a leading expert in forest restoration. "It is only one piece of the puzzle."

“我们无法通过种植来摆脱气候变化，”加州大学加州分校环境研究教授、森林恢复领域的权威专家霍尔说，“这只是所有工作的一部分。”

Holl and coauthor Pedro Brancalion, a professor in the Department of Forest Sciences at the University of São Paulo, warn that just planting trees is not a simple fix for environmental degradation.

霍尔和合著者、圣保罗大学森林科学系教授佩德罗·布兰卡里昂警告说，仅仅植树并不是解决环境退化的简单方法。

That said, planting trees is obviously not without benefit; reforestation improves biodiversity, water quality, and increases shade, they point out. And it's definitely good for our spirit.

他们指出，也就是说，植树显然不是没有好处的;重新造林改善了生物多样性、水质，增加了树荫。这对我们的精神绝对有好处。

"Trees are deeply entrenched in the human psyche," says Holl, "It's very satisfying to go out and put a tree in the ground. It's a concrete, tangible thing to do."

“树木深深地扎根在人类的心灵中，”霍尔说，“走出去，把一棵树放在地上，是非常令人有成就感的。这是一件具体的、切实可行的事情。”

But depending on where and how it is done, tree planting can have the opposite of its intended effect; reforestation can be harmful to native ecosystems and species and stress the water suppl. It can also dispossess local landholders and increase social inequity.

但也要取决于植树的地点和方式，植树可能会产生与预期相反的效果;重新造林可能会对本地生态系统和物种造成危害，并对供水造成压力。它还可能剥夺当地土地所有者的权利，增加社会不平等。

"Planting trees is not a simple solution," she says. "It's complicated, and we need to be realistic about what we can and cannot achieve. We need to be thoughtful and plan for the long term."

“植树不是一个简单的解决办法，这很复杂，我们需要实事求是地看待我们能够和不能实现的目标。我们需要深思熟虑，制定长远计划。”

Holl and Brancalion arrived at four principles that they recommend for those undertaking forest initiatives:

Holl和Brancalion提出了四项原则，为那些正在进行森林活动的人提供建议:

Reduce forest clearing and degradation

减少森林砍伐和退化

Protecting and maintaining intact forests is more efficient, more ecologically sound, and less costly than planting trees, or replanting.

保护和维护完整的森林比植树或再植更有效、更生态、成本更低。

View tree planting as one part of multifaceted environmental solutions

将植树视为多方面环境解决方案的一部分

Enhanced tree cover is one of the best options to offset a portion of the greenhouse gas emissions driven by human activities, but they represent only a small portion of the carbon reductions that are needed – and estimates vary by more than tenfold depending on variables used in modeling.

加强树木覆盖是抵消人类活动造成的一部分温室气体排放量的最佳选择之一，但它们只代表了所需碳减排量的一小部分，而且根据建模中使用的变量，估计值相差10倍以上。

Balance ecological and social goals

平衡生态和社会目标

Acknowledge competing land uses and focus on landscapes with the potential to generate large-scale benefits, such as the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, where regional planning of tree planting initiatives can lead to three times the conservation gains at half the cost.

承认土地利用的竞争性，并关注有可能产生大规模效益的景观，例如巴西的大西洋森林，在那里，区域性的植树计划可以以一半的成本，带来三倍的保护收益。

Plan, coordinate, and monitor

计划、协调和监督

Work with local stakeholders to resolve conflicting land-use goals and ensure maximum effectiveness over the long term. Planting trees doesn't ensure they will survive; a review of mangrove forest restoration efforts in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami showed fewer than 10 percent of trees survived in 75 percent of sites.

与当地利益相关者合作，解决土地使用目标的冲突，确保长期有效。光植树并不能保证它们能存活下来;2004年海啸后对斯里兰卡红树林恢复工作的回顾显示，在75%的地点，只有不到10%的树木存活下来。