正念与加强人际宽恕相关

正念与加强人际宽恕相关

New research provides evidence that people who are more mindful are more prone to forgiveness and that mindfulness exercises can facilitate a forgiving attitude. The findings appear in the journal Emotion.

新的研究提供证据表明，更有正念的人更容易宽恕，正念练习可以促进宽容的态度。研究结果发表在《情感》杂志上。

“While mindfulness is studied extensively, there is relatively little research on the potential interpersonal impact of mindfulness. Studying the link between mindfulness and forgiveness is one of the small steps towards understanding the interpersonal impact of mindfulness,” said study author Johan C. Karremans, an associate professor Radboud University Nijmegen.

“虽然正念被广泛研究，但关于正念对人际关系的潜在影响的研究相对较少。研究正念和宽恕之间的联系是理解正念对人际关系影响的一个小步骤。”研究作者、雷德布大学尼梅根分校副教授Johan C.Karremans说。

“Secondly, understanding the role of mindfulness may actually provide novel insights into how people forgive. The difficulty in forgiving another person often lies in the process of immersing oneself in emotions and thoughts about what happened, which tends to fuel rather than lower the hurt. Taking a step back, and taking a third-person perspective on such internal processes (which mindfulness may help you to do) could prevent this extra layer of distress in the wake of being offended, and make it easier to forgive.”

“第二，理解正念的作用实际上可以为人们如何宽恕提供新的见解。原谅他人的困难往往在于让自己沉浸在对所发生事情的情感和想法中，这往往会助长而不是降低伤害。退一步，从第三人称的角度来看待这些内在的过程(正念可能会帮助你做到这一点)，可以防止在被冒犯后出现这层额外的痛苦，并使宽恕变得更容易。”

The researchers conducted five separate studies with 592 participants in total. Supporting a general link between mindfulness and forgiveness, the researchers found that people who agreed with statements such as “I perceive my feelings and emotions without having to react to them” and “I am good at findings words to describe my feelings” tended to also agree with statements such as “I tend to get over it quickly when someone hurts my feelings.”

研究人员对592名参与者进行了5项独立的研究。支持正念和宽恕之间的普遍联系，研究人员发现，那些赞同诸如“我感知自己的感受和情绪而不必对它们做出反应”和“我擅长用词来描述自己的感受”等说法的人，也倾向于赞同诸如“当有人伤害我的感受时，我会很快克服它”等说法。

Karremans and his colleagues also found that listening to guided mindful attention instructions led to higher levels of forgiveness regarding a past offense, and that higher levels of mindfulness were associated with higher levels of forgiveness as rated by a romantic partner.

Karremans和他的同事们还发现，倾听有指导意义的正念注意指令会导致对过去的过错有更高程度的宽恕，而更高程度的正念与更高程度的宽恕相关，就像一个浪漫的伴侣所评价的那样。

“Mindfulness might not just be helpful in reducing stress and improving happiness (as it is often seen, somewhat stereotypically), but it may help to foster better interpersonal relationships by making one a bit more forgiving,” Karremans told PsyPost.

Karremans告诉PsyPost：“正念可能不仅有助于减轻压力和提高幸福感(人们经常看到，这有点老生常谈)，还可能有助于培养更好的人际关系，让人更宽容一些。”。

The findings also indicate that mindfulness is positively associated with forgiveness because of its association with empathic perspective taking. In other words, more mindful people were also more likely to report being better at adopting the psychological point of view of others, which in turn was linked to heightened forgiveness.

研究结果还表明，正念与宽恕正相关，因为它与移情视角的采取。换言之，更细心的人也更有可能报告说，他们更善于采纳他人的心理观点，而这反过来又与提高宽恕有关。

But as with all research, the findings come with some caveats.

但是和所有的研究一样，这些发现也有一些需要注意的地方。

“I regard our studies as providing initial and suggestive evidence for our main prediction. However, there are limitations: Most of the studies are based on self-reports of mindfulness (measuring individual differences in what we call trait mindfulness; some people are simply more mindful than others), and self-reports of forgiveness,” Karremans explained.

“我认为我们的研究为我们的主要预测提供了初步和有启发性的证据。然而，也有局限性：大多数研究都是基于正念的自我报告(测量我们称之为特质正念的个体差异;有些人只是比其他人更正念)和宽恕的自我报告。”Karremans解释说。

“The next step would be to see whether mindfulness intervention (e.g. the standardized 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction training) would causally result in more forgiving responses (as compared to a proper control intervention), ideally assessed with physiological and behavioral indicators of forgiveness, that are less prone to self-report biases (e.g. social desirability) as compared to self-report measures on a questionnaire.”

“下一步将是观察正念干预(例如，标准化的8周正念减压训练)是否会导致更多的宽恕反应(与适当的控制干预相比)，理想的评估方法是使用宽恕的生理和行为指标，与问卷上的自我报告措施相比，更不容易产生自我报告偏差(如社会期望值)。”