研究表明，间隔一年怀孕可以降低健康风险

研究表明，间隔一年怀孕可以降低健康风险

Women and their babies face health risks when there's less than 12 months between the birth of one child and the conception of the next, according to a new study.

一项新研究显示，女性和她们的孩子在从生下一个孩子到怀上第二个孩子还不到12个月的时候，就面临着健康风险。

The researchers found a modest increase in risk of death or serious illness in the mother in intervals of less than 12 months and larger increases in the risk of adverse outcomes for the baby both before and after birth, as well as spontaneous preterm delivery.

研究人员发现，在不到12个月的时间间隔内，母亲死亡或严重疾病的风险会适度增加，而婴儿在出生前和出生后出现不良后果的风险会更大，以及自然早产的风险也会更大。

Guidelines from the World Health Organization suggest that women wait at least two years before becoming pregnant again. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests that women should be advised to avoid interpregnancy periods of less than six months and "should be counseled on the risks and benefits of repeat pregnancy sooner than 18 months."

世界卫生组织的指导方针建议，女性至少要等两年才能再次怀孕。美国妇产科医师学会建议，女性应该被建议避免6个月以下的产后解释期，并“应该就18个月一下再次怀孕的风险和好处进行咨询。”

The authors noted that the study found a shorter optimal interval between pregnancies than previously thought for all women.

作者指出，研究发现，对于所有女性来说，两次怀孕之间的最佳间隔比之前认为的要短。

The study, published Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, included 123.122 women and 148.544 pregnancies, and it looked at how the health risks were applied to pregnant women of different ages. The participants were found using population health databases in Canada, which included all women who had at least two consecutive single pregnancies in a 10-year period.

这项研究周一发表在《美国医学会杂志·内科学》上，研究对象包括123.122名女性和148.544名孕妇，研究了不同年龄的孕妇如何应对健康风险。这些参与者是在加拿大的人口健康数据库中发现的，其中包括所有在10年内至少连续两次怀孕的女性。

For those 35 and over, the risk of maternal mortality and severe morbidity was 0.62% when there were only six months between the birth of one child and the conception of the next and 0.26% at 18 months. For mothers between 20 and 34. there was a predicted risk of 0.23% at six months and 0.25% at 18 months.

对于35岁及以上的人，当一个孩子出生到下一个孩子怀孕只有6个月时，产妇死亡和严重发病率的风险为0.62%，18个月时为0.26%。对于20至34岁的母亲，6个月和18个月的预测风险分别为0.23%和0.25%。

The age at which American women are having their first child is increasing, due to changes in society and workplaces, according to the authors of an editorial published alongside the study.

与该研究同时发表的一篇社论的作者们表示，由于社会和工作环境的变化，美国女性生育第一个孩子的年龄正在增加。

"It's a fairly common question that comes up now, because for people like me who see a lot of patients who are 40 having their first baby, the first question generally if we get through it unscathed is, 'when can I have my next one?' " said Dr. Laura Riley, chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, who was not involved with the research.

“这是现在出现的一个相当普遍的问题，因为像我这样的人看到很多40多岁的患者有了第一个孩子，如果我们毫发无损地度过难关，第一个问题通常是，‘我什么时候能有第二个孩子?’”’”威尔康奈尔医学院和纽约长老会医院妇产科主任劳拉·赖利博士说。她没有参与这项研究。

She said one of the strengths of the study is that it looked at the ages of women in relation to the risks, along with the size of the study population.

她说，这项研究的优势之一是，它考察了女性的年龄与患病风险之间的关系，以及研究人群的规模。

The authors of the study also attempted to account for other factors that could lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, such as whether the pregnancy was intended and whether the mother lived in a rural area.

该研究的作者还试图解释其他可能导致不良妊娠结局的因素，如是否有意怀孕以及母亲是否生活在农村地区。

The research considers possible health problems for both the mother and the baby, where previous data has been more focused on fetal health, according to Riley.

莱利说，这项研究考虑了母亲和婴儿可能存在的健康问题，而此前的研究数据更多地关注胎儿健康。