研究:永久性染发剂与乳腺癌风险增加有关

研究:永久性染发剂与乳腺癌风险增加有关

A new study conducted by government scientists has found that women who use permanent hair dye and chemical straighteners may be at an increased risk of developing breast cancer than those who don’t use such products.

一项由政府科学家进行的新研究发现，使用永久性染发剂和化学拉直器的女性可能比不使用此类产品的女性患乳腺癌的风险更高。

“Researchers have been studying the possible link between hair dye and cancer for a long time, but results have been inconsistent,” Alexandra White, Ph.D., a study author and head of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Environment and Cancer Epidemiology Group, said in a press release. “In our study, we see a higher breast cancer risk associated with hair dye use and the effect is stronger in African American women, particularly those who are frequent users.”

该项研究的作者、美国国家环境卫生科学研究所(NIEHS)环境与癌症流行病学小组负责人Alexandra White博士在一份新闻稿中说:“研究人员长期以来一直在研究染发剂与癌症之间可能存在的联系，但结果并不一致。”“在我们的研究中，我们发现使用染发剂会增加患乳腺癌的风险，而且这种影响在非裔美国女性中更为明显，尤其是那些经常使用染发剂的女性。”

The data, which was collected from 46,709 women who participated in the Sister Study, found that women who regularly used permanent hair dye the year prior to enrolling in the study were 9 percent more likely than those who didn’t to develop breast cancer. Among African-American women, those who reported using permanent dyes every five to eight weeks in the year prior had a 60 percent increased risk of developing the disease compared with an 8 percent increased risk for white women.

这些数据收集自参与姐妹研究的46,709名女性，发现在研究前一年经常使用永久性染发剂的女性比没有使用的女性患乳腺癌的几率高9%。在非裔美国女性中，那些在前一年每五到八周使用一次永久性染料的女性患此病的风险增加了60%，而白人女性的患病风险仅增加了8%。

It was not clear why there was such a disparity between the two ethnicities. However, when taking into account the risk associated with using chemical hair straightening the products, the gap narrowed. Researchers said those who used such products at least every five to eight weeks were about 30 percent more likely to develop breast cancer, but that African American women were more likely to use the products on a regular basis than the white participants.

目前还不清楚这两个种族之间为什么会有如此大的差异。然而，考虑到使用化学头发拉直产品的风险，这一差距缩小了。研究人员称，那些至少每五到八周使用一次这种产品的人，患乳腺癌的几率要高出30%，但与白人相比，非洲裔美国女性更有可能经常使用这种产品。

Although the numbers may seem alarming, researchers said the study was not an indication that such products should be banned or pulled from the market, just one more thing for women to be aware of.

尽管这些数字似乎令人担忧，但研究人员表示，这项研究并不是要禁止或从市场上撤下这类产品，只是让女性多注意一件事。

“We are exposed to many things that could potentially contribute to breast cancer and it is unlikely that any single factor explains a woman’s risk,” Dale Sandler, Ph.D., study co-author and chief of the NIEHS Epidemiology Branch, said in the press release. “While it is too early to make a firm recommendation, avoiding these chemicals might be one more thing women can do to reduce their risk of breast cancer.”

研究报告的撰写者之一、NIEHS流行病学部门负责人戴尔·桑德勒博士在新闻发布会上说:“我们接触到许多可能导致乳腺癌的因素，但不太可能有任何单一因素能解释女性患乳腺癌的风险。”“虽然现在给出确切的建议还为时过早，但避免使用这些化学物质可能是女性降低患乳腺癌风险的又一种方法。”

Weight, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, exposure to estrogen, oral contraceptive use and stress and anxiety have all been identified as risk factors for breast cancer that a patient can control, according to BreastCancer.org. However, there are several which cannot be eliminated, such as gender, age, family history, personal history race, radiation therapy to the chest, breast cellular changes, exposure to estrogen, pregnancy and breastfeeding and exposure to diethylstilbestrol, a medication used to prevent miscarriage in the 1940s through the 1960s.

根据BreastCancer.org网站的调查，体重、饮食、锻炼、饮酒、吸烟、接触雌激素、口服避孕药、压力和焦虑都被认为是乳腺癌患者可以控制的风险因素。然而，有几个因素是无法消除的，如性别、年龄、家族史、个人历史、种族、胸部放射治疗、乳腺细胞变化、雌激素、妊娠和哺乳、以及20世纪40年代至60年代用于防止流产的药物己烯雌酚。

An average of 1 in 8 women in the United States or 12 percent go on to develop breast cancer over the course of a lifetime, with those who have inherited the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation at a higher risk.

在美国，平均每8名女性中就有1名或12%的人在一生中患上乳腺癌，而那些遗传了BRCA1或BRCA2基因突变的女性患上乳腺癌的风险更高。