想长寿吗?你可能想戒掉这些饮料

Want to live longer? You may want to ditch these drinks

想长寿吗?你可能想戒掉这些饮料

A new study followed more than 450,000 people from 10 European countries for up to 19 years and found those who drank two or more glasses of any type of soda a day had a higher risk of dying from any cause of death than people who drank less than a glass each month. None of the people had cancer, diabetes, heart disease or stroke before their participation.

一项新的研究对来自10个欧洲国家的45万多人进行了长达19年的跟踪调查，发现那些每天喝两杯或两杯以上任何类型苏打水的人死于任何原因的风险都高于每月喝不到一杯的人。在参与之前，没有人患有癌症，糖尿病，心脏病或中风。

The study, published Tuesday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, found men and women who drank two or more glasses a day of sugar-sweetened soft drinks had a higher risk of dying from digestive disorders, while those who drank the same amount of diet drinks had higher risks of dying from cardiovascular disease.

周二发表在《美国医学会内科杂志》上的这项研究发现，每天喝两杯或更多杯含糖软饮料的男性和女性死于消化系统紊乱的风险更高，而喝同样数量的减肥饮料的人死于心血管疾病的风险更高。

The link to digestive disease in the study is interesting, said Dr. Sharon Horesh Bergquist, an assistant professor of medicine at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta.

亚特兰大埃默里大学医学院的医学助理教授莎伦·霍雷什·伯奎斯特博士说，这项研究中与消化系统疾病的联系很有趣。

"Experimental evidence suggests that high blood sugar and high sugar intake can impair the gut barrier, leading to a 'leaky gut' and access to the gut immune system causing intestinal inflammation, alter gut microbiota and increase susceptibility to gut infections," she said. "These pathways may increase susceptibility to digestive diseases."

她说:“实验证据表明，高血糖和高糖摄入会损害肠道屏障，导致肠道渗漏，进入肠道免疫系统，引起肠道炎症，改变肠道微生物群，增加肠道感染的易感染性。”“这些途径可能会增加消化系统疾病的易感染性。”

Total soft drink consumption in the study was also associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease, but not with Alzheimer's or cancer.

研究中软饮料的总消费量也与帕金森病的风险增加有关，但与阿尔茨海默病或癌症无关。

Soft drinks were defined as "low calorie or diet fizzy soft drinks", "fizzy soft drinks," such as cola and lemonade, and "fruit squash or cordials," which are non-alcoholic concentrated syrups typically mixed with sugar and water. In this study, one glass of soft drink was 8 ounces, or 250 milliliters; the typical can of soda around the world holds 12 ounces or 355 milliliters.

软饮料被定义为“低热量或碳酸饮料”，“碳酸饮料”，如可乐和柠檬水，以及“果汁或甜酒”，这是一种不含酒精的浓缩糖浆，通常与糖和水混合。在这项研究中，一杯软饮料是8盎司，或250毫升;世界上一罐普通的苏打水含有12盎司或355毫升。

This large, long-term study is yet another in a growing list of research that is sounding the alarm on our love affair with carbonated soft drinks.

这项大规模、长期的研究是众多研究中的又一项，它敲响了我们对碳酸软饮料的爱的警钟。

In February, the American Heart Association released a study that found drinking two or more of any kind of artificially sweetened drinks a day is linked to an increased risk of clot-based strokes, heart attacks and early death in women over 50. The risks were highest for women with no history of heart disease or diabetes and women who were obese or African-American.

今年2月，美国心脏协会发布的一项研究发现，每天饮用两种或两种以上任何一种人工加糖饮料，都会增加50岁以上女性罹患血栓性中风、心脏病发作和早逝的风险。没有心脏病或糖尿病病史的女性以及肥胖或非裔美国人患病风险最高。

Previous research has shown a link between diet beverages and stroke, dementia, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes.

此前的研究表明，减肥饮料与中风、痴呆、2型糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征之间存在联系，而代谢综合征会导致心脏病和糖尿病。

In March, a study published in the journal Circulation used data from 80,500 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study and nearly 40,000 men from the Health Professionals study. It found that women who drank more than two servings a day of sugary beverages -- defined as a standard glass, bottle or can -- had a 63% increased risk of premature death compared to women who drank them less than once a month. Men who did the same had a 29% increase in risk.

三月份，发表在《循环》杂志上的一项研究使用了80，500名参加护士健康研究的女性和近40，000名来自健康专业人员研究的男性的数据。研究发现，每天喝两份以上含糖饮料的女性(定义为标准玻璃杯、瓶子或罐头)与每月喝不到一次的女性相比，早逝的风险增加了63%。做同样事情的男人有29%的风险增加。

Those who consumed more than one sugary beverage per month but fewer than two per day seemed to experience a dose effect: The more they drank, the greater the risk.

那些每月饮用超过一杯含糖饮料，但每天喝不到两杯的人似乎会受到剂量效应的影响:他们喝得越多，患病风险越大。

Substituting one sugary beverage per day with an artificially sweetened one was found to lower the risk of premature death, but drinking four or more artificially sweetened beverages increased the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease in women. The same effect was not seen for men, and it was not seen for the risk of dying from cancer.

研究发现，每天喝一杯含糖饮料代替人工加糖饮料可以降低早逝的风险，但喝四杯或四杯以上的人工加糖饮料会增加女性因心血管疾病早逝的风险。在男性身上没有观察到同样的结果，在死于癌症的风险上也没有观察到。

While the studies above didn't see an association between soft drinks and cancer, another study published in the BMJ in July did. The research followed more than 100,000 French adults and found drinking just a small glass of a sugary drink per day -- 100 ml, about a third of a can of soda -- to an 18% increase in overall cancer risk and a 22% increase in risk for breast cancer.

虽然上述研究并没有发现软饮料与癌症之间的联系，但《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)今年7月发表的另一项研究却发现了这一点。研究了超过100000名法国成年人,发现喝一小杯含糖饮料——100毫升,大约一罐苏打水的三分之一——总体癌症风险增加了18%，患乳腺癌的风险增加了22%。