即使是无糖汽水，也会增加死亡风险

一项新的研究表明，即使是无糖汽水，也会增加死亡风险

Here’s some less-than refreshing news about soda: even sugar-free versions were associated with a higher risk of death in a study of 452,000 people in 10 countries.

下面是一些关于碳酸饮料的不那么令人振奋的消息：在一项对10个国家、45.2万人进行的研究中，即使是无糖饮料也与更高的死亡风险有关。

The study, published Tuesday by the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who drank two or more glasses of soft drinks per day were more likely to die from all types of ailments, compared with people who drank less than one glass per month.

这项于本周二在《美国医学会杂志》上发表的研究发现，每天喝两杯或两杯以上软饮料的人，死于各种疾病的可能性，要高于每月喝不到一杯的人。

“Results of this study appear to support ongoing public-health measures to reduce the consumption of soft drinks,” the researchers concluded.

研究人员总结说：“这项研究的结果似乎支持正在进行的减少软饮料消费的公共卫生措施。”

The study found differences in the health effects of drinks that contain sugar versus those that are artificially sweetened. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks were associated with digestive-disease deaths (a broad category that includes diseases of the liver, appendix, pancreas, intestines and other illnesses), while higher consumption of sugar-free versions was associated with deaths from circulatory diseases, including ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease.

研究发现，含糖饮料与人工加糖饮料的健康效果不同。含糖软饮料与消化系统疾病死亡有关(包括肝脏、阑尾、胰腺、肠道和其他疾病的一个广泛的分类)，而无糖软饮料的高消费量与循环系统疾病死亡有关，包括缺血性心脏病，也称为冠心病。

Researchers found no association between soft-drink consumption and cancer deaths or deaths from Alzheimer’s disease. Consuming higher amounts of both sugary and sugar-free soft drinks was associated with the risk of death from Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies have linked the high level of consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks to elevated risks of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the authors noted.

研究人员发现，饮用软饮料与癌症死亡、或老年痴呆症死亡之间没有关联。摄入更多含糖和无糖软饮料与帕金森病死亡风险相关。作者指出，先前的研究表明，大量饮用加糖和人工加糖的软饮料，会增加肥胖、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。

Some 50 researchers, lead by Neil Murphy, PhD, of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, co-authored the study. It used data collected on questionnaires and in interviews between 1992 and 2000. Study participants were in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Spain and Sweden.

由国际癌症研究机构的尼尔·墨菲博士领导的、大约50名研究人员共同撰写了这项研究。它使用了1992年至2000年在问卷调查和访谈中收集的数据。研究参与者来自英国、德国、法国、意大利、荷兰、丹麦、挪威、西班牙和瑞典。

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo did not respond to requests for comment. Soda sales have declined in recent years as health-conscious consumers have reached more frequently for bottled water and seltzers.

可口可乐和百事可乐对此没有回应。近年来，随着健康意识增强的消费者，越来越选择购买瓶装水和苏打水，汽水的销量有所下降。

The JAMA study builds on previous research about the links between consuming soft drinks and poor health outcomes. Drinking two or more sugary beverages a day was associated with a greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease, especially among women, a report published earlier this year in the American Heart Association’s journal, Circulation, found.

《美国医学会杂志》的这项研究建立在此前有关饮用软饮料与不良健康状况之间关系的研究基础上。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association)今年早些时候发表在《循环》(Circulation)杂志上的一份报告发现，每天喝两杯或两杯以上含糖饮料，会增加死于心血管疾病的风险，尤其是女性。

Drinking more caffeinated soda has also been linked to triggering migraine headachesand consuming 32 ounces of energy drinks in under an hour spiked the risk of electrical disturbances in the heart for as long as four hours after the drinks were consumed, according to a small study of 34 healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 40 published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

喝更多含咖啡因的汽水也与引发偏头痛有关，根据一项对34名、18到40岁的青少年的小型研究，在一小时内饮用32盎司的能量饮料，在饮用饮料后长达4小时的时间内，心脏出现电紊乱的风险会增加。研究成果发表在《美国心脏协会杂志》上。

Sweetened drinks are the biggest source of added sugar in the average American’s diet, according to the American Heart Association, with a typical 12-ounce can of soda containing 35 to 37.5 grams of sugar and between 140 and 150 calories on average. A standard-size Hershey milk chocolate bar has 24 grams of sugar and 220 calories.

根据美国心脏协会(American Heart Association)的数据，加糖饮料是美国人日常饮食中添加糖的最大来源，一罐12盎司的汽水含有35至37.5克糖，平均热量在140至150卡路里之间。一块标准尺寸的好时牛奶巧克力含有24克糖、220卡路里。