怀孕期间可以服用过敏药吗?

怀孕期间可以服用过敏药吗?

NO DOUBT, SOME CAUTION is warranted when deciding whether to take any medication when pregnant or nursing.

毫无疑问，在决定是否在怀孕或哺乳期间服用任何药物时，一定要谨慎。

That's because, experts say, while most medications are generally considered safe during this period, doctors and patients alike only have so much data to go on due a relative lack of research. There's a dearth of large, human studies on the safety and effectiveness of drugs for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

专家说，这是因为，虽然大多数药物在这段时间内通常被认为是安全的，但由于研究相对缺乏，医生和病人都只有这么多的数据可用。对于孕妇或哺乳期妇女服用药物的安全性和有效性，缺乏大规模的人体研究。

For these patients "we have very limited information," says Dr. Catherine Spong, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology and chief of maternal fetal medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.

对于这些患者，“我们的信息非常有限，”达拉斯德克萨斯大学西南医学中心(UT Southwestern Medical Center)妇产科教授、母婴医学主任凯瑟琳·斯潘(Catherine Spong)博士说。

To be sure, medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration must be safe for women of reproductive age, she notes. "Many medications are commonly taken by lots of women – they may not even know that they're pregnant at the time – and have not been found to have adverse effects," Spong notes.

她指出，美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)批准的药物必须对育龄女性安全。斯潘指出:“许多药物通常是由很多女性服用的——她们可能甚至不知道自己当时怀孕了——而且没有发现有副作用。”

Still, there's a push to collect much more data on medications taken specifically during pregnancy. To that end, the 21st Century Cures Act established a Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant and Lactation "to advise the Secretary of Health and Human Services regarding gaps in knowledge and research on safe and effective therapies for pregnant women and lactating women."

尽管如此，人们仍在努力收集更多关于孕期服用药物的数据。为此，《21世纪治疗法》成立了一个专门针对孕妇和哺乳期妇女的研究特别工作组，“就孕妇和哺乳期妇女安全有效治疗的知识和研究方面的差距向卫生与公众服务部部长提供咨询。”

Allergy Medicines and Birth Defects

过敏药物和先天缺陷

One reason antihistamines have been scrutinized is because past studies have raised concerns about a potential link between antihistamines and birth defects. However, a review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the research that included more than 50 scientific articles through early 2014 found that most of the drugs don't appear to be linked to birth defects.

抗组胺药物受到关注的一个原因是，过去的研究对抗组胺药物与出生缺陷之间的潜在联系提出了担忧。然而，美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，简称cdc)对截至2014年初的50多篇科学论文进行的一项审查发现，大多数药物似乎与出生缺陷无关。

But the link has not been confirmed in subsequent studies.

但这种联系尚未在随后的研究中得到证实。

Taking Decongestants

服用减充血剂

Although not considered allergy medicines, per se, decongestants like Sudafed are sometimes taken to relieve nasal congestion associated with allergies. For that reason, antihistamines are typically paired with decongestants – like Claritan-D and Zyrtec-D. (The D indicates that the antihistamine also includes a decongestant.)

虽然不被认为是过敏药物，但本质上，像速达菲这样的减充血剂有时会被用来缓解与过敏有关的鼻塞。因此，抗组胺药通常与减充血剂配对，如Claritan-D和Zyrtec-D。(D表示抗组胺药还包括减充血剂。)

You may have confirmed you have allergies long before you became pregnant. But for some women who develop nasal congestion that lingers during the pregnancy, it's actually the result of physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, or what's called rhinitis of pregnancy.

你可能早在怀孕前就已经证实自己有过敏症。但是对于一些在怀孕期间出现鼻塞的女性来说，这实际上是在怀孕期间发生的生理变化的结果，也就是所谓的孕期鼻炎。

Keep Your Doctor in the Loop

通知你的医生

Whether you're starting or continuing any medication, experts say, make sure to discuss it with your health provider. "Talk with your doctor if you are pregnant and you have taken any medicine or are thinking of taking any medicine," the CDC advises. "This includes prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as dietary or herbal products."

专家说，无论你是开始用药还是继续用药，一定要和你的医疗服务人员讨论。美国疾病控制与预防中心建议:“如果你怀孕了，并且服用了任何药物，或者正在考虑服用任何药物，请与你的医生谈谈。”“这包括处方药和非处方药，以及饮食或草药产品。”