服用对乙酰氨基酚导致孩子多动症?

服用对乙酰氨基酚导致孩子多动症?

Long-term use of acetaminophen during pregnancy was associated with twice the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics. However, two experts believe that the data do not support these findings.

周一发表在《儿科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，怀孕期间长期服用对乙酰氨基酚，会使儿童出现注意力缺陷多动症的风险增加一倍。然而，两位专家认为，数据并不支持这些发现。

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is the active ingredient in Tylenol and hundreds of over-the-counter and prescription medicines, according to the US Food and Drug Administration. It is commonly prescribed during pregnancy to relieve pain and fever, with an estimated 65% of pregnant women in America using the drug, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

美国食品和药物管理局(fda)表示，对乙酰氨基酚，也被称为扑热息痛，是泰诺和数百种非处方药和处方药中的活性成分。据美国疾病控制和预防中心,表示，对乙酰氨基酚是怀孕期间用来缓解疼痛和发烧的,在美国估计有65%的孕妇使用该药物。

The lead author of the new study, Eivind Ystrøm, a senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, said pregnant women who need medicine for fever or pain relief "should not refrain from short-term acetaminophen use."

这项新研究的主要作者，挪威公共卫生研究所的高级研究员Eivind Ystrøm说，需要退烧药或止痛药物的孕妇“不应该避免短期使用乙酰氨基酚”。

However, pregnant women who require "continuous acetaminophen for a longer period" should consult with their physicians, he wrote in an email. The study defines a longer period as 29 days or more.

然而，他在一封电子邮件中写道，需要“较长时间内持续服用乙酰氨基酚”的孕妇应该咨询医生。该研究将这里的较长时间定义为29天或更长时间。

ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, can cause inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The causes are unknown but research is ongoing and genetics are believe to play a role.

ADHD是一种神经发育障碍，可导致注意力不集中、过度活跃和冲动。原因尚不清楚，但研究仍在进行中，认为遗传因素发挥了一定的作用。

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study provided data for the new research. Women were invited to participate after routine ultrasound examinations around week 18 of their pregnancies.

挪威的母子队列研究为新的研究提供了数据。在怀孕18周左右，妇女被邀请参加常规超声检查。

Information was gathered from 95,242 mothers, 75,217 fathers and 112,973 children born between 1999 and 2009 -- including 2,246 children diagnosed with ADHD.

研究人员收集了从1999年至2009年间出生的95，242名母亲，75，217名父亲和112，973名儿童-包括被诊断为多动症的2，246名儿童的信息。

"We found that using acetaminophen for 29 days or more during pregnancy gave a 220% increase in risk for ADHD in the child," Ystrøm wrote -- more than twice the expected risk. "This was after taking medical conditions and risk for ADHD in the family into account."

Ystrøm写到，“我们发现,在怀孕期间使用对乙酰氨基酚29天或更长时间，使孩子患多动症的风险增加了220，是期望的两倍多。“这是在考虑了家庭的医疗条件和ADHD风险后得出的结论”。

Use of acetaminophen by pregnant women for less than seven days was associated with a decreased risk of ADHD in offspring, the researchers say, based on their analysis.

研究人员说，根据他们的分析，孕妇服用对乙酰氨基酚少于七天，其后代患多动症的风险就会降低。

Fathers who used the pain reliever for 29 or more days prior to conception also had twice the number of children with ADHD. Unsure how to interpret this finding, Ystrøm suggested that "it could be that fathers who use a lot of acetaminophen have a higher genetic risk for ADHD" or that long-term use of the medicine might lead to changes in sperm.

在怀孕前使用止痛药29天或更长时间的父亲，也有使患多动症的孩子数量增加一倍。由于不确定如何解释这一发现，Ystrøm建议“可能是大量使用乙酰氨基酚的父亲有更高的多动症遗传风险患”，或者长期使用这种药物可能会导致精子的变化。