使用智能媒体对心理健康有害吗?

使用智能媒体对心理健康有害吗?

"Have smartphones destroyed a generation?" Jean Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University, asked in an adapted excerpt of her controversial book, "iGen."

“智能手机毁了一代人吗?”圣地亚哥州立大学心理学教授让·特温格在她颇具争议的著作《iGen》的节选中问道。

In the book, she argues that those born after 1995 are on the "brink of a mental-health crisis" -- and she believes it can be linked to growing up with their noses pressed against a screen.

在书中，她认为1995年后出生的人正处于“心理健康危机的边缘”，她认为这可能与他们的成长过程中鼻子紧贴着屏幕有关。

Her newest study provides more backing to that connection, showing that teens who spent more than an hour or two a day interacting with their gadgets were less happy on average than those who had more face time with others. The research was published Monday in Emotion, a journal by the American Psychological Association.

她最新的研究为这种联系提供了更多的支持。研究显示，平均而言，每天花一两个小时以上与电子设备互动的青少年，要比那些花更多时间与他人见面的青少年更不快乐。这项研究周一发表在美国心理学协会的期刊《情感》上。

The study -- which drew from a survey of hundreds of thousands of teens across the US -- also found that roughly 13% of eighth- and tenth-graders who spent 1 to 2 hours a week on social media said they were "not happy."

这项研究对全美数十万青少年进行了调查，结果还发现，大约13%的八年级和十年级学生表示他们“不快乐”。这些学生每周花1到2小时在社交媒体上。

By the twelfth grade, however, the negative correlations between screen time and teen psychology had somewhat dissipated. In addition, Teens with zero hours of screen time had higher rates of unhappiness than their peers who logged in a few hours a week.

然而，到了12年级，屏幕时间和青少年心理之间的负相关关系已经有所消散。此外，屏幕时间为零的青少年比那些每周登录几个小时的同龄人更不快乐。

The study comes two weeks after two major investors surged Apple to do more to combat iPhone addiction among young people. Twenge's conclusions have come up against criticism in the past. Some have accused her work of oversimplifying or overlooking data that may tell a slightly different story.

这项研究发表两周前，两家主要投资商纷纷要求苹果公司采取更多措施，打击年轻人对iPhone的上瘾。特温格的结论在过去遭到了批评。一些人指责她的工作过度简化或忽略了数据，而这种数据可能与结论有轻微不同。

"I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," philanthropist Melinda Gates, whose three children were also born after 1995, wrote August in the Washington Post. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to navigate life's complications and confusions, they can exacerbate the difficulties of growing up."

慈善家梅琳达·盖茨今年8月在《华盛顿邮报》上写道，“我的职业生涯是在技术领域度过的，我没有准备好它对我的孩子们的影响“。“手机和应用程序本身并没有好坏之分，但对于那些还没有应对生活中的复杂和困惑的情感工具的青少年来说，它们可能会加剧他们的成长困难。”

At the same time, she said, kids are learning on their devices and connecting in novel ways. "Marginalized groups such as gay and lesbian students (are) finding support they never had before through social networks".

同时，她说，孩子们正在用他们的设备学习，并以一种新颖的方式进行交流。盖茨说:“像男同性恋和女同性恋学生这样的边缘群体正在通过社交网络寻求前所未有的支持。”

Other studies have explored the connection between social media and isolation and how "likes" activate the brain's reward center. Some analyses have found that moderate use of these technologies is "not intrinsically harmful" and can even improve social skills and develop resilience.

其他研究探索了社交媒体和孤立之间的联系，以及“赞”如何激活大脑的奖励中心。一些分析发现，适度使用这些技术“并没有本质上的害处”，甚至可以提高社交技能和发展适应力。

"These are really important devices that have changed our lives in so many ways -- not just for the worse but for the better," she said.

她说:“这些设备真的很重要，它们在很多方面改变了我们的生活——不仅是往坏的方面，而且是往好的方面。”