联合国气候报告:人类必须改变营养习惯和土地利用

联合国气候报告:人类必须改变营养习惯和土地利用

We must eat less meat and more plant-based food, as well as immediately change the way we manage land and produce food in order to limit global warming, UN scientists warned in a major report released Thursday.

联合国科学家在周四发布的一份重要报告中警告说，我们必须少吃肉，多吃植物性食品，并立即改变我们管理土地和生产食品的方式，以限制全球变暖。

The report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change examines how global warming and land interact in a vicious cycle that makes food more expensive, scarcer and even less nutritious.

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的这份报告，研究了全球变暖和土地如何在一个恶性循环中相互作用，使粮食变得更贵、更稀缺，甚至更缺乏营养。

“We humans affect more than 70 percent of ice-free land, (and) a quarter of this land is degraded,” said Valérie Masson-Delmotte, co-chair of the IPCC, according to CNN.

据CNN报道，IPCC联合主席瓦莱丽·马森-德尔莫特说：“我们人类影响了70%以上的无冰土地，其中四分之一的土地退化了。”

“The way we produce food and what we eat contributes to the loss of natural ecosystems and declining biodiversity,” she added.

她补充说:“我们生产食物的方式和我们吃的东西，导致了自然生态系统的丧失和生物多样性的下降。”

The 1,000-page report comes almost a year after the panel concluded that we only have until 2030 to drastically reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and prevent the globe from reaching the crucial threshold of 34.7 degrees Fahrenheit above pre-industrial levels.

这份长达1000页的报告发表近一年前，该委员会得出结论，我们只有到2030年才能大幅降低对化石燃料的依赖，防止全球气温达到比工业化前水平高出34.7华氏度的关键临界值。

“When land is degraded, it reduces the soil’s ability to take up carbon and this exacerbates climate change. In turn, climate change exacerbates land degradation in many different ways,” Masson-Delmotte said.

“当土地退化时，它会降低土壤吸收碳的能力，这会加剧气候变化。反过来，气候变化以许多不同的方式加剧了土地退化，”马森·德尔莫特说。

She added: “Today 500 million people live in areas that experience desertification.”

她补充说：“今天有5亿人生活在沙漠化地区。”

Agriculture and its supply lines account for as much as 37 percent of all man-made emissions, according to the report, and current industrialized production and global food chains contribute to widespread food inequality.

报告称，农业及其供应链占所有人为排放量的37%，目前的工业化生产和全球食品链导致了广泛的粮食不平等。

While there are currently 2 billion overweight or obese adults, 820 million people still don’t get enough calories, the report said.

报告称，尽管目前有20亿超重或肥胖的成年人，但仍有8.2亿人没有获得足够的卡路里。

“There’s a wide range of food systems that rely on meat, and many people rely on meat for protein,” Cynthia Rosenzweig, a NASA climatologist and report author, told Agence France-Presse. “But we do need to develop low greenhouse gas meat-producing systems.”

美国国家航空航天局气候学家、报告作者辛西娅·罗森茨威格表示：“有很多食品系统都依赖肉类，很多人依赖肉类获取蛋白质。”“但我们确实需要开发低温室气体的肉类生产系统。”

Although the report stopped short of explicitly advocating that people become vegetarians, it called for sweeping changes to farming and eating habits to limit the impact of population growth and changing consumption patterns on stretched land and water resources.

尽管报告没有明确提倡人们成为素食主义者，但它呼吁彻底改变农业和饮食习惯，以限制人口增长和改变消费模式对土地和水资源的影响。

“The IPCC does not recommend people’s diets … Dietary choices are very often shaped or influenced by local production practices and cultural habits,” Jim Skea, one of the report’s authors, told reporters in Geneva on Thursday.

“IPCC并不推荐人们的饮食……饮食选择经常受到当地生产习惯和文化习惯的影响，”该报告的作者之一吉姆·斯凯周四在日内瓦对记者表示。

“There are certain kinds of diets that have a lower carbon footprint and put less pressure on land,” added Skea, a professor at London’s Imperial College, Reuters reported.

据路透社报道，伦敦帝国理工学院教授斯凯补充说：“有一些饮食方式碳足迹较低，对土地的压力也较小。”

Food waste and meat consumption are major contributors to global warming — with food waste producing between 8 percent and 10 percent and livestock 14.5 percent of global emissions, according to the World Wildlife Fund, CNN reported.

据美国有线电视新闻网报道，世界野生动物基金会(World Wildlife Fund)称，食品垃圾和肉类消费是全球变暖的主要原因，其中食品垃圾占全球排放量的8%至10%，牲畜占全球排放量的14.5%。

According to the report, between 25 percent and 30 percent of all food produced is never eaten. Plant-based foods and sustainable animal-sourced food could free up millions of square miles of land by 2050, the IPCC said.

根据这份报告，25%到30%的食物是浪费的。IPCC表示，到2050年，植物性食品和可持续的动物性食品可以解放数百万平方英里的土地。

The report also said deforestation is making the world hotter and hungrier. Although the report doesn’t pinpoint any country, scientists, when asked, pointed a finger at Brazil’s recent stepped-up deforestation of the Amazon.

报告还说，森林砍伐使世界变得更加炎热和饥饿。尽管这份报告没有指出任何国家，但当被问到这个问题时，科学家们把矛头指向了巴西最近对亚马逊雨林的加速砍伐。

“It contradicts all the messages that are coming out of the report,” said Hans-Otto Portner, a panel leader from Germany.

来自德国的专家组组长汉斯·奥托·波特纳(HansOttoPortner)说：“这与报告中传达的所有信息相矛盾。”

But the report offered a sobering take on the hope that reforestation and biofuel plans alone can counteract mankind’s environmental damage, stressing that reducing emissions will be vital to averting disaster.

但这份报告让人清醒地看到，仅靠植树造林和生物燃料计划，就能抵消人类对环境的破坏。报告强调，减排对于避免灾难至关重要。