GRE阅读考试长难句实例分析13

　　1. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudesinclude，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law)and have revealedhow the authorities administered justice. (3+

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　译文：象勒罗伊。拉迪里(Le Roy Ladurie)一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史(casehistory)来，阐明了不同社会群体的态度(这些态度包括，但并非局限于，对犯罪和法律的态度)，并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。

　　解释：逗号以后的内容都是修饰逗号以前的case history的。在which引导的非限定性定语从句中有一个插入语(these attitudees includee， but are not confined to， attitudees toward crime and thelaw)，我们可以看到这个插入语中又套了一个插入语but not confined to.

　　意群训练：Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudesinclude，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law)and have revealedhow the authorities administered justice.

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime ratesper thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates inanother decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information aboutwhich of the following? (5)

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　译文：从文章中可以推断出来，一个希望比较十五世纪以前一个十年的某个欧洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率与另外一个十年中的犯罪率的历史学家将会被以下那种信息的提高所最好的帮助?

　　解释：句首的it是形式主语，其具体内容是从that开始到句子结束的全部内容。That从句中，主语ahistoryian之后修饰它的超长的定语从句是这个句子难以读懂的原因。Compare crime rates with crimerates中间被修饰第一个crime rates的两个修饰成分perthousand in a European city in one decade ofthe fifteenth century分隔得很远。在with之后的第二个crime rates后面，省略了与前面重复的perthousand in a European city.

　　意群训练：It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to comparecrime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crimerates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better informationabout which of the following?