英语长句汉译的转换规律（二）
我们在叙述一组空间上排列的事物时，一般是按照由近及远、或由远及近的原则表达(具体选择哪一种，要视文章之中人物的视角而决定);在描述到一系列心理事件时，一般也是按照心理感触的过程来叙说。如：
The deserted mining village, protruding pitheads overgrown with tall trees and rustling refineries behind crumbling walls situated in valleys, were surrounded by thick wooded mountain slopes, hot springs gushing out here and there.
这个句子叙述者如果按照从村外到村里的视角方向，可以组织为：
这个废弃的采矿村子四周群山环绕，山上树林密布，温热的泉水随处涌出;在山谷里面，突兀着的矿井口上长着参天大树，破败的屋墙后是锈迹斑斑的冶炼设备。
四、对比原则。
汉语在对比若干事项时，一般按照“铺叙在前，主旨在后”的原则，将要强调的事项放在后面，以便给读者留下深刻的印象。如：
1. Joan Werblun, volunteer executive director for Citizens for the Right to Know, said Stanford’s experiment, if widely copied, could encourage specialization when managed health care increasingly “shuttles people to the general practitioner.”
“市民有权知道”组织的志愿执行主任琼·沃布伦说，现在的管理医保制度不断推出的是普通医生;如果斯坦福的课程试验为众多学校效仿，则会促进专门医生的培养。
(本句中when managed health care increasingly “shuttles people to the general practitioner.是表示美国现在的医疗情况，将它的译文放在前面作为铺叙，再将if widely copied, could encourage specialization，即，课程改革带来的新变化作为主旨放在后面形成对比，这样逻辑就非常清晰。明朗。)
2. Her (Mrs. Thatcher) rise, as she once described the star-is-born press coverage that greeted her maiden speech in Commons, was “roses, roses all the way.”
新闻界在报道她第一次在下院发表的演说并对其表示赞许时说她是一颗已经诞生的新星;撒切尔夫人在描述这一报道时说，她是沿着一条“铺满玫瑰的路”冉冉升起的。
(本句难于处理的部分是the star-is-born press coverage that greeted her maiden speech in Commons，语法成分上它虽然只是个宾语，但意义上却重重相叠。翻译时把这一部分放在句首当作背景，把撒切尔夫人的反应当作核心内容放于句末。)
3. I, wrapt from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he could think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled.
我对他的思绪沉浸在那纷繁不清的时间迷雾之中。我思忖着，在他逝世30年后的此时此刻，如果他能知道，在这受人爱戴的母校里，在这曾让他那敏感的心灵受到莫名扰动的地方，人们是这样怀念他、称誉他，他会作何感想呢?
(这句译文将“人们对他的态度”放前，“他又会作何感想”放后，形成对比。)
