时差N小时:恐惧的解析 The anatomy of fear

Don:The anatomy of fear, on this Moment ofScience.

唐:今天的科学一刻为您带来的是恐惧的解析。

Yael:One nice day you're walking along a woodedpath.

雅艾尔:在一个天气不错的日子里，你正在林荫小道里漫步。

You come around a corner and there, coiled in thepath, is a huge rattlesnake, it's rattles abuzz.

但走到小道拐角一处时，你突然发现一条巨大的响尾蛇就在那里蜷缩着!还嘶嘶吐着蛇信。

You are deathly afraid of snakes.

你可是天生怕蛇怕得要死。

Don: Various parts of the brain signal the nervous systems and organs to prepare to takeaction.

唐:这时大脑中的各个部分给神经系统各个器官发出信号以对此作出反应：

The pupils of the eyes dilate, the thyroid gland raises the resting metabolic rate, thebronchioles in the lungs dilate to admit more oxygen, hairs stand on end, heart rate and bloodpressure rise to supply the body and brain with fuel.

瞳孔放大，甲状腺加快新陈代谢，肺部的支气管扩张吸进更多氧气，毛发竖起，心率加快，血压上升以便供给身体和大脑能量。Yael:The liver begins to break downsugars for quick energy, blood vessels in the skin contract causing chills and sweating, thespleen pumps out white blood cells in case there is an injury, stomach and intestine enzymesecretion and muscle activity needed for digestion stop, and blood vessels in the stomach andintestines contract to divert blood to the muscles.

雅艾尔:肝脏加速分解糖分供能。皮下血管收缩，身体发冷出汗。脾脏产生更多白细胞抵抗受伤。肠胃酶的分泌及肌肉活动引起食欲不振。肠胃的血管收缩，血液传输到肌肉组织。

Don:The bladder and colon prepare to empty, the central portion of the adrenal medullafloods the bloodstream with adrenaline and noradrenaline, constricting the blood vessels,breathing quickens.

唐:膀胱和结肠有可能排空，血液随肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素汇聚到肾上腺髓质的中部，血管收缩，呼吸加快。

The entire body is in a state of high alert, ready to stay and fight or say "Feet don't fail menow."

整个人都处于高度戒备，要么呆在那不动，或者人蛇大战，再或者告诉自己“我可根本不怕哦”。

Yael:Did you follow all that?

雅艾尔:你会有上述所有反应吗?

Of course not, but all that, and more, happens in your body within seconds of your sensing athreat.

当然不是所有咯!但是，当你遭遇惊吓，身体会在仅仅几秒内产生更多反应。

Don:It makes us tired just thinking about it

唐:光想想就够累人的!