【BBC纪录片】凡尔赛宫 第30期：婚姻与忠诚重要吗?
慢慢地 圣日逐渐增多
and the saints, themselves, became increasingly obscure until,
而她提到的所谓"圣人"也越来越不靠谱
finally, Louis lost his temper and asked Lebel,
最终路易的怒气爆发 并要求
who was the concierge of Versailles,
凡尔赛的管理员勒贝尔
to bring him a woman, any woman.
带来一个女人 任何女人都行
Louis only had to ask,
路易只需要求
and just about anything and anyone could be provided, and was.
任何物或人便受召前来 事实的确如此
The King gradually got into thehabitof first having
国王逐渐习惯于调戏
dalliances with the court ladies and then full-blown affairs.
宫廷侍女 然后发展出真正的奸情
Louis began a life of carnal adventures
路易充满肉欲的生活
that would turn him into one of history's greatest libertines.
将他变成了历史上最风流的浪子之一
He was a great womaniser,
他沉湎于女色
but there was nothing unusual about that.
但这其实没什么特别
French kings were expected to be womanisers.
人们希望法国国王拥有情妇
This was seen as a sign that they were virile,
这代表了男性雄风
and we're going to produce an heir, and were, in fact,
也是子嗣的象征 而实际上
acting in an aristocratic and masculine way.
代表了贵族而阳刚的作风
Indeed, within the aristocratic society
诚然 在国王耳濡目染的
that the King had beenraised,
贵族社会中
the idea of marriage or fidelity was seen as laughable.
婚姻与忠诚的概念相当可笑
一.habit：n. 习惯，习性 n. 骑装，宗教服装 vt. 给…穿衣服
【词义辨析】
habit，practice，custom，convention
habit: 指个人的“习惯”，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法。
That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back tomy old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
这证明是我的失败，因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。
practice: 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”，这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法。
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——thenormally accepted practice in many northern countries.
在另一方面，一想到用动物油煎马铃薯，你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里，这是为大家接受的通常习惯。
She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yetfollowing her general practice she had shut them before going out.
她慢慢地走进厅堂，并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯，她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。
custom: 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义，此外，custom 还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义。
Don't be a slave to custom.
不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。
From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience andbehaviour.
一个人从诞生的那一时刻起，他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。
convention: 其实是其他3个词的近义词，它的含义为：固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法。
They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anythingextraordinary.
他们不顾社会习俗，并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。
【例句用法】
1.He is in the habit of rising early.
他有早起的习惯。
2.My colleague has broken off the habit of smoking.
我的同事已经戒掉了吸烟的习惯。
二.raise：n. 上升，增高，高地 vt. 升起，举起，饲养，提出，引起
【词义辨析】
1.arise，rise，raise，lift
arise: 书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩。
rise: 普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise: 及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。
lift: 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
2.lift，hoist，raise，elevate，heave，boost
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
3.raise，keep，support，feed
raise: 意为“抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”之意。
He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago.
他的妻子多年以前就去世了，他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids.
那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。
keep: 表示“养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”。
John has his wife and six children to keep(support).
约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs.
他们养了一些鸡和猪。
support: 意为“养活”，不用于饲养动物。
She supports her old mother.
她赡养老母亲。
He has a large family to support.
他要养活一大家子。
feed: 意为“喂养;饲养;以......为食”。
Have you fed the baby/cow yet?
婴儿/牛喂了吗?
She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.
她用肉喂狗。
Foxes feed on small animals.
狐狸以小动物为食。
【词语用法】
raise在美式英语中有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如 raise cattle(饲养牲口)和raise children(抚养孩子)。相对应的英式英语则是breed cattle和rear children;
raise在美式英语中还有“增加”的意思，通常指工资等的上升，如a raise in/of salary。英式英语中习惯用rise或increase去替换该词;
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句：It will slowly start to overheat and its respiration rate and its temperature will start toraise.
纠正：It will slowly start to overheat and its respiration rate and its temperature will start torise.
翻译：它会慢慢的变得过热而且它的呼吸频率和温度会开始上升。
分析：raise是及物动词，后面要加宾语，应改为不及物动词rise。
