国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 30

　　英语单词讲解 unit 30

　　1.Free market

　　A free market is a market system in which the prices for goods and services are set freely by consent between sellers and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.

　　1.自由市场

　　自由市场是经济学术语，指金钱、货物的流动完全是根据所有者个人自我意愿而进行的。自由市场经济就是以此为原则的经济体系。自由市场的原则是希望小政府大市场。

　　2.Planned economy

　　A planned economy is the economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency. Thus it may be termed a "command economy". Although a planned economy may be based on either centralized or decentralized forms of economic planning, it usually refers to a centrally planned economy. Central planning aims to improve productivity and coordination by enabling planners to take advantage of better information achieved through the consolidation of economic resources when making decisions regarding investment and the allocation of economic inputs.

　　2.计划经济

　　计划经济，又称统治经济或指令型经济，是一种经济体制，在这种体系下，国家在生产、资源分配以及消费等各方面，都是由政府事先进行计划。“指令型经济”通常和计划经济用法相同，但是详加区分的话，指令型经济是指生产工具公有的经济体制。所以指令型经济必定是计划经济，但计划经济却不必然为指令型经济。

　　3.Traditional economy

　　A traditional economy is an original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the products the society creates. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based. Also known as a subsistence economy, a traditional economy is defined by bartering and trading. Little surplus is produced, and if any excess goods are made, they are typically given to a ruling authority or landowner.

　　3.传统经济

　　传统经济体系是经济学的名词又称为自然经济，与商品经济相对，多是于乡村以及农业社会之中出现，主要是依据社会风俗和惯例以解决三个基本经济问题(生产什么、如何生产、生产给谁)。