《孙子兵法》第53期:第九章 行军(4)

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行军篇 NO.4：

敌近而静者，恃其险也;

远而挑战者，欲人之进也;

其所居易者，利也;

众树动者，来也;

众草多障者，疑也;

鸟起者，伏也;

兽骇者，覆也;

尘高而锐者，车来也;

卑而广者，徒来也;

散而条达者，樵采也;

少而往来者，营军也;

这句啥意思：

敌人离我很近而安静的，是依仗它占领险要地形;

敌人离我很远但挑战不休，是想诱我前进;

敌人之所以驻扎在平坦地方，是因为对它有某种好处。

许多树木摇动，是敌人隐蔽前来;

草丛中有许多遮障物，是敌人布下的疑阵;

群鸟惊飞，是下面有伏兵;

野兽骇奔，是敌人大举突袭;

尘土高而尖，是敌人战车驶来;

尘土低而宽广，是敌人的步兵开来;

尘土疏散飞扬，是敌人正在拽柴而走;

尘土少而时起时落;是敌人正在扎营。

英文这么说：

When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet,he is relying on the natural strength of hisposition.

When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle,he is anxious for the other side to advance.

If his place of encampment is easy of access,he is tendering a bait.

Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing.

The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemywants to make us suspicious.

The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade.

Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming.

When there is dust rising in a high column,it is the sign of chariots advancing;

when the dust is low,but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry.

When it branches out in different directions,it shows that parties have been sent to collectfirewood.

A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping.

心理分析

此段是对敌我双方的心理分析：敌人逼近而安静，是依靠他所占据的有利地形，因而我们必须小心，耐心，使敌人的有利地形发挥不了作用;敌人相隔甚远却主动挑战，是想引诱我们冒进，因而我们切不可操之过急，更不可孤军深入。这几句启发我们要懂得军事心理学，要善于分析敌人的表现和军事迹象，采取相应的军事对策。