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设计和生产之 新产品的研发 New Product Development

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2020年08月27日

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设计和生产之 新产品的研发 New Product Development

新产品研发(new product development)是将一个产品或服务投放市场的前奏。新产品的研发有两条平行的途径,一条包含构思衍生(idea generation)、产品设计(product design)和工程细节(detail engineering)。另外一条途径是市场调研和营销分析(market research and marketing analysis)。新产品的研发是商业战略中产品生命周期管理(product life-cycle management)的主要部分之一,是市场份额保持或增长(maintain or grow market share)的动力。

构思的产生(idea generation)

产品研发的第一步是构思的衍生,这一步也被称作是模糊前段(fuzzy front end)。新产品的构思来源于SWOT分析法(优势、劣势、机会和挑战Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats)。另外的一些构思来源是市场和消费趋势(market and consumer trends)、竞争对手比较、调查人群的提议、贸易展比较等等,这些都可以把一个灵感转化为一条生产线上的新产品。

⊙Take a look at what the competition's doing.看一下我们的竞争对手在做什么。

⊙We can get an inside look at what the current trends are by doing some basic research.

通过做一些基础调研我们可以深入了解目前的趋势。

⊙We've gotten a lot of good ideas from the industry trade show.通过行业内的贸易展我们得到了很多好的想法。

⊙Let's do a SWOT……What are our strengths?

让我们做一个SWOT分析……我们的优势在哪里?

⊙Our strategy is to develop quality and competitive products.我们的战略是研发高品质和具竞争力的产品。

构思筛选(idea screening)

不是任何一个突发奇想都可以转化为生产力。检验构思的可行性时通常要回答如下问题:消费者是否能通过该产品受益(benefit from)?目标市场(target market)的规模和成长(size and growth forecasts)潜力如何?构思建立在什么样的销售和市场趋向(industry sales and market trends)基础上?技术的可行性如何?目标价格(target price)下的销售是否会盈利(profitable)?

⊙How are our target customers going to benefit from this product?我们的目标消费者将如何在这个产品上受益?

⊙What's going to happen in the target market in the next year or two?明年或两年之后目标市场上将发生什么样的情况?

⊙What kind of pressure can we anticipate from the competition?预计我们将面对什么样的竞争压力?

⊙Is the manufacture of this product technically feasible?这个产品的制作在技术上可行吗?

⊙What kind of profit can we expect?我们预期会有什么样的利润?

概念的发展和测试(concept development and testing)

将构思概念转化为产品雏形(physical prototype)或实体模型(mock-up),在此过程中了解制造工艺的可行性(technically feasible)以及成本。邀请专家和消费者代表对产品雏形进行评定和初步市场评估。

⊙Here's the prototype of our new product.这里有我们新产品的模型。

⊙Preliminary trials indicate our product will be successful in reaching our target market.

初期的试销表明我们的产品将在目标市场上取得成功。

⊙Feedback from the consumer sources tells us that our product may not be as marketable as we had hoped.

来自客户的反馈信息表明我们的产品没有我们预期的那样受欢迎。

⊙How did the mock-up do with our test group?

实体模型在测试组中的反响如何?

⊙What did the focus group come up with?调查人群有什么结果?

⊙The size of the market indicates a large potential sales volume.市场规模显示一个巨大的潜在销售量。

⊙Our new products have been very successful in our test market.我们的新产品在测试市场大获成功。

产品定价和商业化推广(product pricing and commercialization)

在初期的测试结束后,要初步计算产品的成本和盈利,结合市场预计价位。首先在一定的市场范围内对产品试销(an initial run),根据试销的结果来判断消费者的接受程度(customer acceptance)。如果和预期结果相去甚远,则认真分析原因并改进;如果与预期结果相差无几或更好,则通过广告等促销手段大规模推广。

⊙The initial run in the test market turned out high customer acceptance of our product.

我们的产品在测试市场的试销得到了消费者的高度认可。

⊙When the returns start coming in from our test run, we can start planning for a wider distribution.

当我们的试销反馈结果逐步传递进来时,我们可以开始计划扩大分销。

⊙Here's the report from the product launch.Everything looks good.这儿有我们的产品投放报告,看上去都还不错。

总结

新产品的研发不可能是横空出世,而是脚踏实地的结果。SWOT分析法有助于研究构思的可行性。从构思转化为产品不能闭门造车,而是要请专家和消费者代表共同分析并预计销售情况。市场推广不能是断然冒进,而是要在小范围内试销,根据结果不断调整。总之,新产品研发只有步步为营才能步步为“赢”。

Words 单词表

brainstorm头脑风暴,集思广益

competition竞争,比赛

competitive竞争的,竞争性的

develop发展,开发

excellent优秀的,卓越的

expect期待,预期

industry工业的,行业的

interrupt中断,打断

latest最新的,最近的

mock-up模型

potential潜在的

prototype原型,雏形,样品

strategy战略,策略

substantial实质的,大量的

trade show贸易展

Phrases 短语表

current trend当前趋势

customer acceptance客户认可/接受性

fall apart四分五裂,崩溃

focus on集中精力到……

get an inside look深入了解

Here's the thing情况是这样的,关键是……

higher purpose更高目标

initial run首轮发行,初始运营

market share市场份额,市场占有率

product launch产品投放市场,产品上市

sales volume销售量,营业额

reach a market迎合一个市场

SWOT(优势,劣势,机会,威胁)综合对比分析法

test group试验组

to start with首先,第一

work the bugs out(of sth)攻克难关,克服困难

test market测试市场,试销市场

实景对话1

A:How did the mock-up do with our test group?

B:Well, the mock-up went well with the test group, but later with the initial run in the test market, there was a low customer acceptance of our product. So that means feedback from the consumer sources tells us that our product may not be as marketable as we had hoped.

A:What exactly did the focus group come up with?

B:Here's the thing, both the focus group and preliminary trials indicated our product would be successful in reaching our target market. It wasn't until the initial run that things started to fall apart.

A:Could it be a problem with our test market?Are you sure it was a representative market?

B:That's worth looking into I think……

A:Is that the prototype there?

B:Yeah, it is……Do you want to take a look?

A:Sure, let me see it for a second. Hmm……How are our target customers going to benefit from this product?

B:According to the focus group, the target consumer showed great interest in this version……

A:Is the manufacture of this product technically feasible?

B:Our engineering team thought so……I really hope we can work the bugs out of the test market. I'd really like to see this project be a success.

A:实体模型在测试组中的反响如何?

B:模型在测试组中反响良好,但随后在首轮发行中,客户对我们产品的接受度很低。那就是说,来自客户的反馈信息表明我们的产品没有我们预期的那样受欢迎。

A:那调查人群有什么结果?

B:问题就在这儿,调查和前期试销都表明我们的产品将会在目标市场上大受欢迎。但一进入首轮发行事情就开始急转直下了。

A:是我们的测试对象没有选对吗?你们肯定它是一个典型的市场吗?

B:我想这要好好了解一下……

A:产品雏形在吗?

B:是的,在。你想看看吗?

A:当然,让我看一下。嗯……这个产品怎么让我们的目标消费群受益呢?

B:来自调查人群的结果是,目标消费群体对这个版本表现出极大的兴趣。

A:这个产品的制作在技术上可行吗?

B:我们的工程团队认为可以……我真希望我们能克服试销市场出现的困难,我很希望这个项目能够成功。

实景对话2

A:To gain more of the market share, we need to focus on new product development. Our strategy is to develop quality and competitive products.What kind of ideas do you have for me?Let's do a little brainstorming.

B:We can get an inside look at what the current trends are by doing some basic research.

C:Take a look at what the competition's doing. That's always a good way to come up with new ideas.

D:We've already gotten a lot of good ideas from the industry trade show.

A:That's good to start with……Let's do a SWOT……What are our strengths?

E:Sorry to interrupt your meeting, but I thought you'd be interested in the results of our latest product launch. Here's the report from the product launch.Everything looks good.Our new products have been very successful in our test market.

A:That's excellent news!What kind of profit can we expect?

E:The size of the market indicates a large potential sales volume so our potential profit on this one is quite substantial.

A:为了争取更多的市场份额,我们需要集中精力到产品的研发上。我们的策略是发展高质量并有竞争力的产品。你们都有什么想法?让我们共同探讨一下。

B:我们可以通过一些基础调研来深入了解目前的趋势。

C:可以看一下我们的竞争对手在做什么。那通常是产生新想法的有效途径。

D:在行业贸易展上我们已经得到了很多的好想法。

A:这是一个很好的开始……还是用SWOT分析法吧……我们的优势有哪些?E:对不起打断你们的会议,但是我想你们会对我们最新产品投放市场的结果有兴趣。这是一份我们的产品投放报告,看上去都挺好的,我们的新产品在测试市场上取得了很大的成功。

A:真是个好消息!我们预期的利润如何?

E:市场规模显示销售量潜力很大,因此我们在这个上面的潜在利润十分可观。


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