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国际贸易之 价格谈判 Negotiating a Price

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2020年08月26日

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国际贸易之 价格谈判 Negotiating a Price

外贸生意获得成功的一个重要因素(important factors)之一就是建立良好的关系(build positive relationships),因此讨价还价是一个很关键的步骤(critical step)。公平合理(fair and ethical)是商业谈判的原则,你的表现会在彼此的关系中形成持久的影响(lasting influence)。

询价(ask for a price)

询价之前最好能够货比三家(shopping around),对期望价格做到心里有数。最好不要一开始就问最小订量的价格(minimum orders)。在没有确切了解(have a good idea)整体价格之前,可以在你的量的回答上尽量闪烁其词(be as vague as possible)。谈判的目的是尽可能地接近产品的真实价格(actual price of product),所以不管他们一开始给什么样的价格,你都应该继续追问更低的。

⊙What's the best price you can offer?你能给出的最低价格是多少?

⊙What size of order are you planning to make?你打算买多大的量?

⊙Can you tell me more about your product specifications?你能告诉我更多的你方产品的规格吗?

⊙What's the lowest price you can give me on our order?对于我们的订单你能给的最低价是多少?

⊙Can you offer any more of a discount?你能再给一些折扣吗?

⊙We can give you a quotation based on your particular requirements.我们可以在你的要求基础上给你一份报价。

⊙We're shopping around for the lowest price we can get on these.我们货比三家,想在这上面找到最低的价格。

⊙I'm sorry, but that's still higher than we want.Is there any way you can do better?

不好意思,那仍然高于我们预期的价格。你还有什么办法可以优惠吗?

⊙I appreciate your offer, but it's still over our budget.What can you do to help us with a lower price?

我很感激你的报价,但是这仍超出了我们的预算。你能给一个更低的价格吗?

考虑利润分割(consider splitting profits)

另外的一个获得更低价格的办法就是分割利润,以建立长期合作关系为基础来谈判。这也就是说通过长期购买而并非一次性交易来使供货商受益(benefit the supplier),将对抗性的谈判转化成生意互利(mutual benefit)的协商对话,并找到双赢(a win-win)的合作方式。

⊙What if we turned this into a continuing partnership?We can split profits.那如果我们转变成持续性的合作伙伴会怎么样?我们可以分摊利润。

⊙I'm not just interested in buying products.I am looking for a potential partner on this deal.

我们不仅仅是想买产品,而且在寻找一个潜在生意伙伴。

⊙What can we do to make this work better for both of our companies?我们该怎么做才能让这次交易对我们两个公司更有利?

装运条款(shipping terms)

主要有三种:

——EXW出厂价或工厂交货价,卖方不承担任何运输责任。

——CIF运送到港口,但是关税和陆地运输费除外。

——To-Door到门价,包含货运、关税以及别的费用,直至产品送到门前(to your doorstep)。

⊙If that's the lowest price you can give, I expect shipping terms to be to port and inclusive of insurance.

如果这是你能给出的最低价格,那我希望货能由你方运送到港口并且加上保险费。

⊙What kind of price can you give me with shipping to door?如果是送货上门的话,你能给我什么样的价格?

⊙What are your shipping requirements?你对装运的要求有哪些?

⊙Delivery dates are not negotiable.交货时间不容商量。

支付方式

通常情况下有两种:

Pre-pay by wire transfer 电汇预付,并在产品出港前汇余款,以换取提单和发票。

-Letter of Credit, L/C 信用证。

在谈以信用证来支付时,争取货到验收后付款的条件。考虑到电汇无法退还(non-refundable),在不了解对方的信誉和合法性的基础上,电汇余款存在风险。

A:What kind of payment situation would work best for you?

B:As this is the first time for us to do business together, I think we'd like to go for a letter of credit arrangement if that's alright.

A:对你来说哪一种支付方式最适用?

B:由于这是我们第一次做生意,我想如果可以的话我们可以通过信用证的方式。

总结

所谓的价格谈判就是在双方利益上寻找一个最公平的结合点。买方的目标是最大限度地接近产品的成本价,反复要求更优惠的价格直到“攻不动”为止。卖方的目的是在保证利润的同时,以优惠的价格发展一个长期客户。如果在价格上陷入僵局,可以考虑从货运方式、支付方式来调整。

Words 单词表

appreciate感激,欣赏

customization定制

delivery交付,交货

discount折扣

gross总的,毛的

offer提供,出价

option选择,选项

order订单,订货

packaging包装,打包

quotation报价

requirement要求,需求

shipping装运,运货

size大小,尺寸,规格

timeline时限

unit单位

Phrases 短语表

based on基于,以……为基础

best price最好的价格

depend on取决于

do better做得更好

EXW工厂交货

get sth done做好,完成

give sb an idea of sth使某人明白某事

make an order订购,下单

have room for negotiation有商量的余地

non-negotiable不可谈判的

over budget超出预算

plan on规划

product specification产品规格

receive an email收到电子邮件

shop around(for sth)(为某物)货比三家

split profits利润分摊

work on sth在……工作,致力于……

实景对话1

A:Mr. Jin, did you receive my email with our product specifications?How soon can you get us a quotation?

B:Yes, I did receive your email and I have been working on getting pricing done for you. I think your product specifications should be no problem for our factories to produce for you.What size order are you planning to make?

A:The size of the order depends on how low of a price I can get. Can you give me an idea of how much this might cost me?What's the best price you can offer?

B:Well, for an order of say,500 units, we can give you a price of$5. 95 per unit.

A:Is that the lowest price you can give?I'm sorry, but that's still higher than we want. Is there any way you can do better?

B:Well, depending on the requirements you have for delivery options, insurance, and production deadlines, we do have a little room for negotiations. The lowest price, which is EXW, is$3.50.But that doesn't include any extras.

A:We're shopping around for the lowest price we can get on these. What kind of price can you give me with shipping to door?

B:Shipping to door?Well, again it depends on your order size and timeline, but I can probably give you a price of about$5. 50 per unit.

A:I appreciate your offer, but it's still over our budget. What can you do to help us with a lower price?

A:金先生,你有没有收到关于我们产品规格的邮件?你多久可以给我一个报价?

B:是的,我收到了,而且一直在忙着给你算一个价格。我认为我们工厂生产你要的规格的产品没有任何问题。你打算要多大的量?

A:订单的规模取决于我能拿到多低的价格。你能告诉我大概要多少钱吗?你能给的最好的价格是多少?

B:好的,以500件来说,我们可以给你每件5.95美元的价格。

A:那是你能给的最低价吗?我很抱歉,这比我们期望的要高。有办法降点吗?

B:那,根据你要求的交货方式、保险和生产时限,我们没有多少谈判的余地。

最低价,也就是工厂交货价,是3.5美元,但是那没有任何附加条件。

A:我们货比三家想得到最低的价格。如果送货上门你能给我的最低价是多少?

B:送货上门?好的,还是要取决于你的订单大小和时限,但是我应该可以给你每件5.5美元的价格。

A:我非常感谢你的出价,但这还是超出了我们的预算。你还有什么办法能帮助我们得到更低的价格吗?

实景对话2

A:I'd like a quotation for your KXL2 gaskets.

B:Can you tell me more about your product specifications?We can give you a quotation based on your particular requirements.

A:I don't need customization on the actual product, but I will need customized packaging. We need our shipment by September 23rd, delivery dates are not negotiable.What's the lowest price you can give me on our order?

B:What size order were you planning to make?

A:Somewhere between 600~1000 gross.

B:Just a moment……Yes. I think with your requirements, we could offer you a price of$40 per unit.

A:Can you offer any more of a discount?

B:Perhaps, it depends on your shipping requirements. What did you have in mind?

A:If that's the lowest price you can give, I expect shipping terms to be to port and inclusive of insurance.

B:We can arrange CIF shipping terms at that price.

A:It's still a little higher than what we were expecting. I'm not just interested in buying products. I am looking for a potential partner on this deal.What if we turned this into a continuing partnership?We can split profits.

A:我想要你们的KXL2型垫圈报价。

B:你能告诉我更多的规格要求吗?我们可以在你的要求基础上给你一份报价。

A:我不需要特别定制的产品,但需要特别的包装。我们需要在9月23日之前到货,交货时间不得更改。你能给我们的最低价格是多少?

B:你们打算订购多少?

A:600~1000之间。

B:请等一下,好的,我想根据你的要求,我们能给你每件40美元。

A:你们还能再给些折扣吗?

B:也许,这取决于你的装运要求。(对于装运)你有什么想法?

A:如果这是你能给出的最低价,那我希望货运包含送到港口和保险的费用。

B:以那样的价格我们可以安排CIF装运条款。

A:那仍比我们期望的要高。我们不仅仅是想买产品,而且在寻找一个潜在生意伙伴。如果我们将此转化为持续性的伙伴关系,我们可以共享利润。


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