国家地理:沼泽国家公园
The Florida Everglades are home to alligators, dozens of bird species, beautiful flowers and exotic plants. It's easy to see what attracts people to these places. But Florida's population growth, coupled with farms that require a never-ending supply of pesticides and fertilizers, has put an enormous strain on the Everglades ecosystem. So a restoration plan is underway to stabilize the Everglades and preserve the animals that live there. But the plan has proved to be controversial.
Craig Quirolo runs a nongovernmental organization called Reef Relief in Key West, Florida.
And that’s what really scares me about the Everglades Restoration Plan is that we will be continually inundated, drought or no drought, with a lot of water. And I think if this water were clean, it wouldn't be so much of a problem. But we have a lot of nutrients in that water, a lot of pesticides. And I think there's a lot of stuff that we don't even know within that water. And that's sort of what scares a lot of people who are down there.
This is a sugarcane country. Pesticides and fertilizers from farms in Central Florida flow right through the Everglades and on to the Reef. And according to some critics, they are the principal reason the Everglades Restoration Plan won't work.
Juanita Green is the spokesperson for Friends of the Everglades.
佛罗里达沼泽地是美洲鳄鱼，几十种鸟类，美丽的野花和多种外来植物的家园。很容易看到是什么将人们吸引到这里。但是佛罗里达人口整张，农田需要永不休止的施用杀虫剂和肥料，给沼泽地的生态环境造成了巨大的压力。所以，政府提出了修复计划，用来稳定沼泽地，保护居住在这里的动物。但是这个计划引发了一些争议。
Craig Quirolo在佛罗里达的基韦斯特经营一个名叫Reef Relief的非政府组织。
这个计划让我感到害怕的地方是，无论我们是否干旱，都要持续的被许多水灌溉。我认为，如果这些水是清洁的，也不会有那么大的问题。但是，水中含有太多的养分，许多杀虫剂。而且我认为水里肯定还有很多我们不知道的成分。这也是居住在那里的人担心的问题。
这是一个生产甘蔗的国家。佛罗里达中部的农田流出的杀虫剂和化肥都流到沼泽地和大堡礁。按照这些批评这是沼泽地回复计划不能奏效的主要原因。
“沼泽地最大的问题是沼泽地农业区域。这是水污染的主要来源。在Okeechobee湖和沼泽地的其他自然区域之间有一个巨大的水坝。”
沼泽地农业区域，简称EAA，占地700，000英亩，其中90%用来种植甘蔗。Okeechobee湖的水用来灌溉农田，然后向南流经沼泽地到达基韦斯特。
Stuart Stein是第四代佛罗里达农民。他强烈反对他的耕作方法毁坏沼泽地和大堡礁的说法。
“我们会尽一切努力来帮助修复和保护沼泽地，你知道。我喜欢去沼泽地，我希望我的孩子们也能去。他们也会喜欢的，也能在这里耕作。”
佛罗里达基韦斯特海军圣所的Bill Causey起草了沼泽地的修复计划。他同意，大堡礁现在面临着巨大的问题，但是说没有任何因素可以解释的了为什么情况越来越糟。
“如果我们在佛罗里达花费7到8亿美元来改善水质，不会有任何好处。如果沼泽地修复计划被束之高阁，水仍然会被污染，还是会汇入清洁的佛罗里达基韦斯特水，然后取道大堡礁。”
一些环境研究小组相信，政府可以购买Belle Glade的农场，将农场关闭，然后将土地捐赠给公园，这样就可以拯救沼泽地。但是联邦官员说这是不可能的。
我们不能让时间倒流。我们必须通过修复计划让水重新回到生态系统。
为了每年来大堡礁旅游的数百万人，为了以大堡礁为家的数百万鱼类，为了世世代代在佛罗里达中部种植甘蔗的农民，为了每天迁移到这里的人们，这个修复计划是非常关键的。
“This is the biggest problem in the Everglades: the Everglades Agricultural Area. It's the major source of water pollution. It's the, it’s the big... a big dam between Lake Okeechobee and the rest of the natural Everglades.”
The Everglades Agricultural Area, or EAA, covers some 700,000 acres, 90% of it planted in sugarcane. Lake Okeechobee's waters irrigate farm fields here, then flow south through the Everglades and into the Keys.
Stuart Stein is a fourth-generation Florida farmer. And he vehemently rejects the idea that his farming methods damage the Everglades and the Reef.
“We will do everything that we can to help, restore and preserve the Everglades, you know. I enjoy going to the Everglades and I hope my kids have it. They’re gonna enjoy it too, along with agriculture.”
Bill Causey of the Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary helped draft the plan to restore the Everglades. He agrees that the Reef is in trouble, but says no one factor can explain its decline.
“It won't do any good if we spend 7 or 8 hundred million dollars here in Florida Keys to improve our water quality, if in fact the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan has been put on the shelf because the waters coming down are still going to be polluted, and then they will enter our cleaner Florida Keys waters and then make the way to the Reef.”
Some environmental groups believe that the government could save the Everglades and the Coral Reef by buying the farms in Belle Glade, shutting them down and donating the land to the park. But federal officials say that's not going to happen.
What we can't do is go back within time. We have to get the water right back into the system through the Comprehensive Restoration Plan.
For the millions of people each year who flock to the Keys to enjoy the Reef and the millions of fish that call the Reef home, for the farmers who've grown sugarcanes in central Florida for generations, and for the people who move to the state each day. That's exactly what this critical balancing act is all about: getting the water right.
Craig Quirolo runs a nongovernmental organization called Reef Relief in Key West, Florida.
And that’s what really scares me about the Everglades Restoration Plan is that we will be continually inundated, drought or no drought, with a lot of water. And I think if this water were clean, it wouldn't be so much of a problem. But we have a lot of nutrients in that water, a lot of pesticides. And I think there's a lot of stuff that we don't even know within that water. And that's sort of what scares a lot of people who are down there.
This is a sugarcane country. Pesticides and fertilizers from farms in Central Florida flow right through the Everglades and on to the Reef. And according to some critics, they are the principal reason the Everglades Restoration Plan won't work.
Juanita Green is the spokesperson for Friends of the Everglades.
佛罗里达沼泽地是美洲鳄鱼，几十种鸟类，美丽的野花和多种外来植物的家园。很容易看到是什么将人们吸引到这里。但是佛罗里达人口整张，农田需要永不休止的施用杀虫剂和肥料，给沼泽地的生态环境造成了巨大的压力。所以，政府提出了修复计划，用来稳定沼泽地，保护居住在这里的动物。但是这个计划引发了一些争议。
Craig Quirolo在佛罗里达的基韦斯特经营一个名叫Reef Relief的非政府组织。
这个计划让我感到害怕的地方是，无论我们是否干旱，都要持续的被许多水灌溉。我认为，如果这些水是清洁的，也不会有那么大的问题。但是，水中含有太多的养分，许多杀虫剂。而且我认为水里肯定还有很多我们不知道的成分。这也是居住在那里的人担心的问题。
这是一个生产甘蔗的国家。佛罗里达中部的农田流出的杀虫剂和化肥都流到沼泽地和大堡礁。按照这些批评这是沼泽地回复计划不能奏效的主要原因。
“沼泽地最大的问题是沼泽地农业区域。这是水污染的主要来源。在Okeechobee湖和沼泽地的其他自然区域之间有一个巨大的水坝。”
沼泽地农业区域，简称EAA，占地700，000英亩，其中90%用来种植甘蔗。Okeechobee湖的水用来灌溉农田，然后向南流经沼泽地到达基韦斯特。
Stuart Stein是第四代佛罗里达农民。他强烈反对他的耕作方法毁坏沼泽地和大堡礁的说法。
“我们会尽一切努力来帮助修复和保护沼泽地，你知道。我喜欢去沼泽地，我希望我的孩子们也能去。他们也会喜欢的，也能在这里耕作。”
佛罗里达基韦斯特海军圣所的Bill Causey起草了沼泽地的修复计划。他同意，大堡礁现在面临着巨大的问题，但是说没有任何因素可以解释的了为什么情况越来越糟。
“如果我们在佛罗里达花费7到8亿美元来改善水质，不会有任何好处。如果沼泽地修复计划被束之高阁，水仍然会被污染，还是会汇入清洁的佛罗里达基韦斯特水，然后取道大堡礁。”
一些环境研究小组相信，政府可以购买Belle Glade的农场，将农场关闭，然后将土地捐赠给公园，这样就可以拯救沼泽地。但是联邦官员说这是不可能的。
我们不能让时间倒流。我们必须通过修复计划让水重新回到生态系统。
为了每年来大堡礁旅游的数百万人，为了以大堡礁为家的数百万鱼类，为了世世代代在佛罗里达中部种植甘蔗的农民，为了每天迁移到这里的人们，这个修复计划是非常关键的。
“This is the biggest problem in the Everglades: the Everglades Agricultural Area. It's the major source of water pollution. It's the, it’s the big... a big dam between Lake Okeechobee and the rest of the natural Everglades.”
The Everglades Agricultural Area, or EAA, covers some 700,000 acres, 90% of it planted in sugarcane. Lake Okeechobee's waters irrigate farm fields here, then flow south through the Everglades and into the Keys.
Stuart Stein is a fourth-generation Florida farmer. And he vehemently rejects the idea that his farming methods damage the Everglades and the Reef.
“We will do everything that we can to help, restore and preserve the Everglades, you know. I enjoy going to the Everglades and I hope my kids have it. They’re gonna enjoy it too, along with agriculture.”
Bill Causey of the Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary helped draft the plan to restore the Everglades. He agrees that the Reef is in trouble, but says no one factor can explain its decline.
“It won't do any good if we spend 7 or 8 hundred million dollars here in Florida Keys to improve our water quality, if in fact the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan has been put on the shelf because the waters coming down are still going to be polluted, and then they will enter our cleaner Florida Keys waters and then make the way to the Reef.”
Some environmental groups believe that the government could save the Everglades and the Coral Reef by buying the farms in Belle Glade, shutting them down and donating the land to the park. But federal officials say that's not going to happen.
What we can't do is go back within time. We have to get the water right back into the system through the Comprehensive Restoration Plan.
For the millions of people each year who flock to the Keys to enjoy the Reef and the millions of fish that call the Reef home, for the farmers who've grown sugarcanes in central Florida for generations, and for the people who move to the state each day. That's exactly what this critical balancing act is all about: getting the water right.
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