VOA慢速英语：美情报高官出席听证会 指证俄罗斯干预大选
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US Intelligence: Top Russian Officials Tried to Influence 2016 Election
美国情报机构称俄罗斯高层试图影响美国2016年大选
United States intelligence leaders say they believe high-level Russian officials were directly responsible for attacking American computers during the 2016 election campaign.
美国情报机构负责人表示，他们认为俄罗斯政府高级官员在2016年大选期间直接主导了攻击美国的计算机。
The intelligence leaders met with a U.S. Senate Committee in Washington Thursday. They said that Russia hacked the computers and released documents from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in an effort to interfere in the presidential election.
情报机构负责人周四在华盛顿会见了美国参议院委员会。他们表示，俄罗斯入侵了计算机并泄漏了美国民主党全国委员会(简称DNC)的文件，以此干涉总统选举。
Only "Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized the recent election-focused data thefts and disclosures," they said in a prepared statement.
他们在一份预先准备好的声明中表示，只有“俄罗斯最高级别官员才能批准最近针对美国大选的数据盗窃和泄漏。”
The U.S. leaders are Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, National Security Agency chief Michael Rogers and Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence Marcel Lettre. They called Russian cyber-attacks a "major threat" to national interests.
这些负责人包括美国国家情报局局长詹姆斯·克拉珀(James Clapper)、国家安全局局长迈克尔·罗杰斯(Michael Rogers)和国防部负责情报的副部长马塞尔·莱特雷(Marcel Lettre)。他们称俄罗斯的网络攻击是对美国国家利益的重大威胁。
Clapper said there is no evidence that Russia actually changed any vote counts. He said the intelligence agencies are unable to say how the information might have changed any American minds or votes.
克拉珀表示，没有证据表明俄罗斯改变了投票统计。他说，情报机构无法评估这些信息可能如何改变了美国人的观念或投票选择。
Arizona's John McCain, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, told the hearing that "every American should be alarmed" by Russia's actions. He added that "Congress must set partisanship aside" in investigating and preventing cyber-attacks on America.
来自亚利桑那州的参议院军事委员会主席约翰·麦凯恩(John McCain)在听证会上表示，“每个美国人都应该对俄罗斯的举动保持警觉”。他补充说，“参议院应该抛开党派偏见”调查和防止对美国的网络攻击。
On Wednesday, McCain called the Russian interference "an act of war."
麦凯恩周三表示，俄罗斯的干预是“战争行为”。
"I'm not saying it's an atomic attack," he said. "I'm just saying that when you attack a nation's fundamental structure, which they are doing, then it's an act of war."
“我不是说这像核武器攻击一样严重，我只是说如果你攻击一个国家的根本制度，那么这就是一种战争行为。而俄罗斯就在这么干。”
Evidence of Russian hacking
俄罗斯入侵证据
U.S. intelligence agencies have said they have evidence that Russia hacked the emails of Democratic Party officials. Critics say the hacking was meant to help Donald Trump, the candidate of the Republican Party, win the presidential election.
美国情报机构表示他们有证据表明俄罗斯入侵了民主党官员的电子邮件。批评家表示，他们这么做是为了帮助共和党候选人川普赢得总统大选。
But President-elect Donald Trump has questioned those claims.
但是候任总统川普质疑了这种说法。
On Thursday, President Barack Obama received a report on the investigation he ordered into the possible foreign interference in the election. Trump is expected to receive the same information in a briefing in New York City on Friday.
奥巴马总统周四收到了他下令调查外国可能干涉美国大选的报告。预计川普周五会在纽约市的一场简报会上收到相同的信息。
The president-elect has questioned reports that Russia interfered in the vote. He took to Twitter late Tuesday, taking aim at the intelligence agencies.
川普对俄罗斯干预大选的报告表示怀疑。周二晚些时候他在推特上把矛头对准了情报机构。
Trump suggested they still do not have proof that Russia broke into the DNC's computers and gave the documents to the WikiLeaks website.
川普暗示情报机构仍然没有任何证据可以证明俄罗斯侵入了民主党全国委员会的电脑并将这些文件交给了维基解密。
Can Julian Assange Be Trusted?
阿桑奇是否可信赖?
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has denied that the Russian government gave his group stolen documents. He appeared on Fox News television earlier this week.
维基解密创始人朱利安·阿桑奇(Julian Assange)否认了俄罗斯政府将偷来的文件交给该组织。本周早些时候他接受了福克斯新闻电视台的采访。
On Wednesday, Trump tweeted this message: "Julian Assange said 'a 14 year old could have hacked Podesta' - why was DNC so careless?"
周三，川普发表推文表示，“阿桑奇说，‘一个14岁的孩子都能黑进波德斯坦的邮箱”，民主党全国委员会为什么会这么大意呢?”
Trump was talking about thousands of emails and documents that hackers took from the DNC's computers and from John Podesta, the chief of Hillary Clinton's election campaign.
川普说的是黑客从民主党全国委员会以及希拉里竞选团队负责人约翰·波德斯坦(John Podesta)的电脑中拿到的数千封电子邮件和文件。
On Thursday, Trump fired back at critics on Twitter: "The dishonest media likes saying that I am in Agreement with Julian Assange - wrong. I simply state what he states, it is for the people to make up their own minds as to the truth. The media lies to make it look like I am against 'Intelligence' when in fact I am a big fan!"
周四川普在推特上回击了批评家：“那些不诚实的媒体说我和阿桑奇有一腿，这大错特错。我只是引述了他说的话，只是为了让人们了解真相。媒体说谎使我看起来像是反情报，事实上我可是一个大粉丝。”
Clapper and other intelligence officials told the Senate committee Thursday that they put no credibility into what Assange says.
克拉珀和其他情报官员周四对参议院委员会表示，他们不信任阿桑格所言。
US-Russia relationship
美俄关系
Ukrainian political scientist Lilia Shevtsova is an expert on Russian government. She told VOA that some foreign policy experts in Russia are calling for increased communication between it and the United States. She said Obama moved toward such a policy in 2008 when Dmitry Medvedev was Russia's president. But she said the effort failed.
乌克兰政治家莉利亚·舍夫佐娃(Lilia Shevtsova)是一位关于俄罗斯政府问题的专家。她对美国之音表示，一些俄罗斯外交政策专家呼吁加强同美国的沟通。她说，2008年梅德韦杰夫担任俄罗斯总统时，奥巴马采取了类似政策，但是失败了。
Shevtsova said Russian experts continue to call for increased communication.
舍夫佐娃表示，俄罗斯专家继续呼吁加强交流。
Valery Garbuzov is the director of the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies. He told VOA that many Russians are hopeful that Trump's presidency will lead to improved relations between the two countries.
瓦列里·加布佐夫(Valery Garbuzov)是俄罗斯科学院美国和加拿大研究所的所长。他对美国之音表示，许多俄罗斯人希望川普上台后能够让两国关系得到改善。
Garbuzov said he is not sure Trump will be able to quickly improve U.S. relations with Russia.
加布佐夫表示，他不确定川普将能够迅速改善美俄关系。
I'm Anne Ball.
安妮·波尔报道。
New efforts are underway to make American college campuses and public housing off limits to cigarette smoking.
Twenty colleges in the United States recently received grants to help make their campuses tobacco free.
And in November, U.S. Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro announced that smoking will become illegal at all public housing over the next 18 months. The federal housing department has over one million homes.
“Every child deserves to grow up in a safe, healthy home free from harmful second-hand cigarette smoke,” Castro said.
The move to ban smoking at public housing units and college campuses follows approval of state laws banning smoking at most workplaces.
The Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids reports that 27 American states ban smoking in all indoor workplaces, including restaurants. California became the first state to ban smoking at most workplaces in 1995.
Thirty-two countries had banned smoking at most workplaces as of 2012, the Tobacco Atlas reports.
Those supporting smoke-free workplaces, public housing and college campuses give one major reason: the negative health effects of smoking.
The Centers for Disease Control [and Prevention] and the World Health Organization say the health effects of smoking are large. The CDC says cigarette smoking is the leading cause of “preventable deaths” in the United States. Smoking accounts for 480,000 deaths every year, it says.
One Group Says New Rules Are Unfair
A New York City smokers’ rights group opposes the new ban on smoking at public housing units.
Audrey Silk is founder of Citizens Lobbying Against Smoker Harassment. She wrote President-elect Donald Trump, asking him to stop the ban after he becomes president on January 20.
Silk says officials are going too far in trying to stop people from using a legal product.
She told Trump the new federal housing rule would force old or sick people to walk outside their homes to smoke, even when the weather is bad.
“At stake is the right of U.S. citizens to be left alone to engage in a legal activity in the privacy of one’s own home,” Silk said.
It’s a Public Health Issue Say Supporters
But supporters of smoking bans and smoke-free areas say the bad effects of second-hand smoke make it a public health issue. Some also say that college campuses are a good place to limit or ban smoking.
Gary Reedy is chief executive officer of the American Cancer Society, which recently announced anti-smoking grants to 20 U.S. colleges. He said it is important to stop college students from smoking, “to be successful in creating a tobacco-free generation.”
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 13 percent of adults between the ages of 18 and 24 smoke cigarettes. Reedy said that reducing the number of college students who smoke can lead to reduced smoking rates among older adults.
His reasoning? Once a person starts smoking, it is hard to stop, Reedy says.
The CVS Health Foundation is providing $3.6 million for the anti-smoking grants. The foundation was started by the American drug store company CVS.
CVS stopped selling cigarettes in 2014.
The American Cancer Society says about one third of America’s 4,700 college campuses are already smoke-free.
Thomas Gibson is vice president for student affairs at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. The school is one of the grant winners. He said Bowling Green wants to help urge students to not start smoking.
Gibson said, “While approximately 90 percent of smokers start by age 18, 99 percent start by age 26."
For those students who already smoke, the school wants to help them stop, he said.
I'm Caty Weaver.
And I'm Pete Musto.
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Words in This Story
cigarette – n. a small roll of paper that is filled with cut tobacco and smoked
campus – n. the area and buildings around a university, college, school
deserve – v. used to say that someone should get or have something
stake – n. an interest or degree of involvement in something
engage – v. to do something
grant – n. money provided for some activity or purpose
approximately – adv. almost exact
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