英语流行话题听力:Unit73 “Sex”这个词怎么了?

[00:00.01] Unit 73 What Happened to the Word" Sex"? [00:05.18] What ever happened to sex? [00:07.30] I had to fill out a government form the other day and it ask for my gender, [00:12.09] giving town boxes to check, male or female. [00:16.06] It was not too many years ago that it would have asked for my sex, male of female. [00:21.43] When did the term" gender" replace" sex" to describe the difference between males and females? [00:28.11] And why? [00:29.37] The term" gender" has become ubiquitous. [00:33.15] My old college dictionary says that sex is a difference among living beings, as in the male and female sex, [00:41.24] while gender is a difference in some languages partially corresponding to the natural order, in which the names of objects are either of masculine, [00:51.00] feminine, or neuter gender. [00:54.19] The most recent American Heritage Dictionary advises that, while gender has traditionally been used to refer to grammatical categories, [01:03.55] the word has been used in recent years to refer to sexual identity or sex based social or cultural categories. [01:13.15] According to Stoller, an early pioneer in gender identity research," sex" is defined as the sum of physiological differences between male and female. [01:26.10] In contrast," gender" is viewed as a strictly psychological phenomenon and refers to the sum of behavioral or psychological differences between the sexes. [01:38.46] So there is an important difference between sex and gender. [01:42.56] The sex of a person is biologically determined. [01:46.44] The gender of a person is culturally and socially determined. [01:51.53] The past two decades have produced a wide body of academic literature on gender, along with corresponding university and college departments, [02:01.37] centers and courses focusing on the issues of gender identity and gender studies. [02:09.33] Textbooks for such courses all agree that gender refers to the roles attached to biological sex; femininity and masculinity in this view are mere social concepts. [02:23.33] As one correspondent puts it," Sex refers to a biological statement of fact. Gender is the way one is socialized according to some standard of behavior associated with a role. [02:38.12]"" Only women can bear children, but not only women can be mothers." It is now clear that when the government asked for my gender, [02:47.24] there was something more involved than wanting to know my biological sex. [02:52.44] There are only two sexes, but at least six if not eight genders: male, female, lesbian, homosexual or gay, [03:02.47] bisexual of both sexes and transgendered of both sexes. [03:08.43] The simple change from" sex" to" gender" on a form hints a change in how we are coming to view our society and how it is being restructured.

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