VOA慢速英语: 写论文：你的第一稿能表达全部信息？
This is the VOA Learning English Education Report.
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Students at the University of Texas-Southmost College work on a writing assignment in an English as a Second Language class in 2006 |
You have written your research paper, your personal essay, your book review – whatever your college class requires. You have provided good information in the needed number of words. You feel good because your work is finished.
But is it really done? Many teachers and professional writers believe that writing is revision. In other words,writing well means making needed changes and rewriting.
Michael Arnzen teaches English and heads humanities studies at Seton Hill University in Pennsylvania. Mr.Arnzen is also an award-winning author. He says he understands the desire to write something and be done with it.
“We’ve all been there. We feel we’ve done (something) good enough, and can’t we move on with our lives?”
But he believes revision of writing is a necessary skill for college. He says the classroom is a good place to practice patience, concentration and listening.
“There are rewards with spending time with your thoughts and really taking time to compose your ideas in a coherent way.”
Mr. Arnzen says you should put away your paper after you have written a firstversion, or draft. Wait several hours, maybe overnight, before working on itmore. He compares this to returning to a job after a vacation.
“Not only are you refreshed, but you’re looking at things through different eyes. That’s what revision literally means – to see again through different eyes.So putting something in a drawer for a day, sleeping on it for a night – that always seems to help."
Mr. Arnzen’s students follow a four-step process with their papers. Students read and listen to each other’s work, share thoughts and make suggestions.
The first step in the process is invention. It includes forming many questions about their subject. The professor calls it “question-storming.”
In a second step, students draft and compose a paper.
Then comes the revision period. At that time, Professor Arnzen says students take another look at what they have done.
“You take the time to read what you’ve written, to think about it, and maybe to re-shape it based on what you see now, as a kind of new person looking at it with a reader’s eyeglasses rather than a writer’s.”
He calls the fourth step “publication.” He does not mean this to be professional publication.
“To me, anytime you turn over your writing to another person, that’s publication. You’re going public with it.”
Mr. Arnzen says the process takes away some of the tension of writing. He says worry about the quality of your writing often disappears when you share that writing.
He says the goal of writing a college paper is not to perform for a teacher or toproduce a perfect piece. He says perfect writing is not possible. He says whatis most important is getting your thoughts and ideas on paper.
And that’s the VOA Learning English Education Report for today. I’m JeriWatson.
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Words in This Story
patience – n. the ability to wait for a long time without becoming annoyed orupset
concentration – n. the ability to give your attention to a single thought oractivity
compose - n. to create and write a piece of music or writing
coherent – adj. logical and well organized; easy to understand
submit – v. to give a document, proposal, piece of writing, etc., to someone,so that it can be considered or approved.
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