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[高中]全新语法:动名词 二、动名词的句法作用

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2021年11月28日

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二、动名词的句法作用

1.作主语

(1)动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It is a waste of time doing ...做……是浪费时间

It is no good doing ...做……是没好处

It is no use doing ...做……是没用处

It’s fun doing ...做……很有意思

It is worth doing ...值得做……

It doesn’t matter doing ...做……没有关系

It is no good talking.空谈是没有用的。

It’s fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。

It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。

It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。

It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪费一点钱没有关系。

【比较】

①It was nice meeting you.见到你真高兴! (用于分别时)

②It is nice to meet you.(用于刚刚见面时)

(2)“There is no doing sth.” 句式中作主语,意为“不可能……,无法……”

There’s no denying the fact.这一事实不容否认。

There is no getting over the difficulty.这困难无法克服。

There is no knowing what he will do next.无法知道他下一步要干什么。

There was no telling when she would be back.没法知道她什么时候回来。

There is no saying how long the rain is going to last.说不准这场雨要下多久。

There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗话,叫人根本无法忍受。

2.作表语

His favorite sport is swimming.他喜欢的运动是游泳。

Her job was washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。

【提示】 动名词作主语和表语时要用“平行结构”。

Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼见为实。

It’s easy saying than doing.=It’s easy to say than to do.说易做难。

3.作宾语

(1)作及物动词的宾语

只用动名词作宾语的动词:

admit 承认    advise 建议    allow 允许    appreciate 感激

avoid 避免    consider 考虑   delay 耽误    deny 否认

endure 忍受    enjoy 喜欢     escape 逃脱    prevent 阻止

fancy 想象    finish 完成    forbid 禁止    forgive 宽恕

imagine 想象   keep 继续     mention 提及   mind 介意

miss 错过     permit 允许    postpone 推迟   practise 练习

recommend 建议  resist 抵抗    risk 冒险     stand 忍受

stop 停止     suggest 建议

It was impossible to avoid being affected.要想不受影响是不可能的。

I’ve often considered studying abroad.我经常在想出国留学。

She enjoys helping her parents with the housework.她喜欢帮她父母做家务。

Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象没有电的生活吗?

(2)作短语动词的宾语

add to 增加         adapt oneself to 使适应

adjusted ...to 调整     apply oneself to 致力于

get used to 习惯       can’t help 禁不住

come close to 几乎      come to 谈到

contribute to 有助于;促成  contribute to 有助于

depend on 依靠        devote oneself to 献身于

do well in 在……方面做得好  dream of 梦想

feel like 打算        get down to开始

give up 放弃         go in for 爱好,喜欢

have an objection to 反对  insist on 坚持

lead to 导致         look forward to 盼望

object to 反对        pay attention to 注意

persist in 坚持       prefer ...to ...比起……更喜欢做

put off 推迟         set about 开始

stick to 坚持        succeed in 成功

The doctor told me to give up smoking.医生叫我戒烟。

She burst out crying.她突然哭起来。

They have put off leaving.他们已推迟动身。

I insist on taking a proper trip.我坚决主张进行一次合适的旅行。

I don’t feel like eating anything.我什么也不想吃。

I’m looking forward to seeing him.我盼望着见到他。

(3)作介词宾语

I am afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕伤害她的感情。

This is an instrument for measuring speed.这是一种测量速度用的仪器。

They have been used to living in the small village.他们已经习惯住在这个小村子里了。

How about going for a picnic? 去野餐怎么样?

(4)有些及物动词接不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同。

attempt 试图    begin 开始    bother 麻烦    can’t bear不能忍受

cease 停止     continue 继续   hate 憎恨     intend 想要

like 喜欢      love 喜欢     prefer 宁可    start 开始

He likes to sing/singing.他喜欢唱歌。

It has started to rain/raining.开始下雨了。

(5)有些动词接不定式或动名词意义不同。

can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事        can’t help doing 禁不住做某事

be afraid to do 不敢做某事           be afraid of doing 担心发生某事

forget to do 忘记要去做某事          forget doing 忘记做过某事

go on to do 继续去做另外一件事情        go on doing 继续做同一件事情

mean to do 打算要做某事            mean doing 意味着

remember to do 记住去做某事          remember doing 记得做过某事

regret to do 对要做的事遗憾          regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔

stop to do 停止去做另一件事          stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

try to do 努力、企图做某事           try doing 试验、试一试某种办法

We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息了一会。(to have a rest目的状语)

Don’t stop trying once again.不要停止,再试一次。(trying ...作stop的宾语)

I’m afraid to tell her.我不敢告诉她。(因为害怕“不敢告诉她”)

He is afraid of being scolded.他担心受责备。(担心的是“会受到责备”)

4.作同位语

This is my recreation,reading novels.这便是我的娱乐,看小说。

His hobby,making model airplanes,is very interesting.

他的嗜好是做模型飞机,非常有趣。

5.作定语

a dancing teacher 舞蹈教师          a smoking room 吸烟室

a walking stick 手杖             a writing desk 写字台

a swimming pool 游泳池            drinking water 饮用水

a bathing cap 浴帽              a changing room 更衣室

a waiting room 候诊室             an ironing board 烫衣板

a hiding place 藏身处             an operating table 手术台

building materials 建筑材料          a diving board 跳板

a writing table 写字台            reading materials 阅读材料

a closing speech 闭幕词            an opening speech 开幕词

working hours 工作时间            a dancing hall 舞厅

【提示】 动名词作定语时表示被修饰的名(代)词的用途。

a smoking room=a room for smoking 吸烟室

drinking water=water for drinking 饮用水


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