[高中]全新语法:动词不定式 六、动词不定式的被动式

六、动词不定式的被动式

1.被动式的形式

2.不定式被动式的句法作用

（1）作主语

It’s a great honour to be invited to the banquet.承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。

It’s not a bad thing to be criticized.受批评并非是一件不好的事。

【提示】 不定式的被动式作主语常用it作形式主语。

（2）作宾语

Li Ming pretended to have been praised.李明假装受到过表扬。

He asked to be sent to Beijing to work.他要求派到北京去工作。

（3）宾语补足语

He wanted the letter to be typed at once.他让把这封信立即打好。

He doesn’t want good farm land to be built on.他不愿把好的农田用来造房子。

【提示】 宾语与宾补是动宾关系时，用不定式的被动式。

（4）作表语

His wish is to be trusted.他希望受到信任。

He seems to have been trained.他好像受过训练。

（5）作定语

She was the first woman to have been elected.她是这个位置上当选的第一个妇女。

The house to be built next year is a school.明年建的这栋房子是一所学校。

（6）作状语

I had to shout to be heard.我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。（目的状语）

I was very glad to be invited.我很高兴被邀请。（原因状语）

You were lucky not to be killed.你大难不死，真是好运气。（结果状语）

He has returned only to be sent away again.他回来后又被打发走了。（结果状语）

The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.箱子太重小孩拿不动。（结果状语）

He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed.

他把自己关在屋里以免受到打扰。（目的状语）

3.不用不定式被动式的情况

（1）做定语用的不定式的逻辑主语在句中做主语或宾语时

I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。（主语I是to do的逻辑主语）

I’ll give you something to read.我将给你一些东西读。（宾语you是to read的逻辑主语）

（2）在形容词后做状语的不定式，与句中主语构成动宾关系时

This question is easy to answer.这个问题很容易回答。

That man is difficult to deal with.那个人很难对付。

【提示】 这种句式可以变为it作形式主语的句式。

It is easy to answer this question.

It is difficult to deal with that man.

（3）不定式作定语表示动宾关系时

This is a hard question to answer.这是一个很难回答的问题。

That is a nice place to visit.那是一个值得参观的好地方。

（4）不定式作宾补时，宾语与不定式是动宾关系时

We find this text easy to understand.我们发现这篇课文很容易理解。

I find the man hard to get along with.我觉得这人很难相处。

（5）“There be ...”句式中“for sb.to do ...”作定语修饰主语时

There are still many questions for us to discuss.我们还有许多问题要讨论。

There is nothing for me to do at present.眼下我没事可干。

【提示】 There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published （这本书有很多理由要出版）中，不定式的逻辑主语book与不定式是动宾关系，因此用被动式。