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[高中]全新语法:副词的比较级和最高级 易混副词词义辨析

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2021年11月20日

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易混副词词义辨析

1.ago,before

(1)ago和一般过去时连用。

He died three years ago.他三年前去世了。

(2)before可以和现在完成时、一般过去时或过去完成时等连用。

I have met him before.我以前曾遇到过他。

She said she had met him before.她说她以前遇到过他。

It came across my mind that I had met him somewhere before.

我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过他。

If you are to take the 10 p.m.train,you should reach the station at least ten minutes

before/earlier.如果你要搭晚上十点钟的火车,你必须至少提前十分钟到达火车站。

2.now,just,just now

(1)now与现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,作“现在”解。

We have now left the station.我们现在已经离开了车站。

(2)just与现在完成时和过去完成时连用,作“刚刚……”解。

I have just finished my homework.我刚刚做完我的作业。

(3)just now与一般过去时连用时等于a moment ago,与一般现在时或现在进行时连用时相当于just at the moment,都是加强now的语气。

The train started just now (=a moment ago).火车刚开。

3.sometimes,some times,sometime,some time

sometimes (=occasionally)有时,偶尔

some times (=several times)好几次

sometime (现在或未来)某一个时候

some time 一些时间,一段时间

4.too much,much too

(1)too much修饰不可数名词,也可作代词或副词使用。

I’ve got too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

Too much has been said on the matter.这件事已经说得够多了。

(2)much too修饰形容词或副词。

I’m afraid my husband is much too busy to see visitors.

恐怕我丈夫太忙了而不能去接待来宾。

5.almost,nearly

(1)在肯定句中,almost和nearly 可互换。两者都可用在行为动词的否定式之前。

He almost/nearly didn’t catch the bus.他差点没赶上公共汽车。

He was almost/nearly driven mad by his troubles.他差一点被烦恼事逼疯了。

(2)almost 可与no,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never 连用;不能和not 连用。

Almost nothing is worth listening to.几乎没有一句值得听。

(3)nearly不和no,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never连用,但可与not 连用。

The money is not nearly enough for my journey.这钱远不够我的旅行。

6.very,much

(1)very修饰形容词、副词;much修饰动词

This picture is very beautiful.这幅画很美。

He walks very fast.他走得很快。

I like it very much.我非常喜欢它。

(2)very修饰形容词和副词的原级;(very)much修饰形容词和副词的比较级、最高级。

He is very tall.他很高。

He is much taller than you.他比你高得多。

The dress is much the most expensive.这条裙子是最贵的。

(3)the very+最高级=much the+最高级。

This is the very best of all.这是所有当中最好的。

this is much the best of all.

(4)very置于the,this,that之后,是形容词,加强语气,意为“正是”,“同一的”。

This is the very book I want.这正是我要的书。

At that time I was standing on this very spot.当时我就站在这个地方。

(5)very修饰现在分词;(very)much修饰过去分词。

I heard a very surprising item of news.我听到一则非常吃惊的消息。

I was much surprised at the news.我对此消息大吃一惊。

(6)以a 开头的表语形容词,不用very修饰,只用(very)much。

The twins look much alike.这对双胞胎长得很像。

She is much afraid of that dog.她非常怕那条狗。

7.aloud,loud,loudly

(1)aloud 和read,think等动词连用时,表示“出声地”,但不涉及声音的大小,和call,cry,shout等动词连用时,表示“大声地”;aloud不用于比较等级。

read aloud 出声读,call aloud 大叫,cry aloud 大哭,shout aloud 大喊

(2)loud 副词的意思是发出音量大、传得远的声音。用于speak,talk,sing,read等动词之后,在句中作状语;loud and clear意为“表达清楚”,在句中作状语,置于动词之后。

read loud 大声念,sing loud 大声唱,speak loud 大声说,talk loud 大声说

(3)loud 形容词的意思是“响亮的,大声的”,指音量比平常大得多,暗示过分强烈和突出。

a loud voice 高声,a loud laugh 大笑

(4)loudly置于动词前后均可,意为“喧闹,嘈杂”。

Open your mouth and pronounce the sound loudly.张大你的嘴,大声发这个音。

8.already,yet,still

(1)already用于肯定句,置于句中或句末。

I’ve already paid my membership dues.我已经交了我的会员费。

(2)yet用于否定句和疑问句中,意为“已经”。

He hasn’t done much yet.他还没做什么。

Have the children come home yet? 孩子们已经回家了吗?

(3)still“仍,还”,用于肯定句或疑问句中。

The fish is still alive.这条鱼还活着。

Why are you still working? 你怎么还在工作?

9.also,too,either,as well

(1)also“也”的正式用语,置于句中,行为动词之前,系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后。

Problems also exist in agriculture.农业也存在着一些问题。

I’m cold,and I’m also hungry and tired.我很冷,而且又饿又累。

(2)too“也”的普遍用词,用于口语,置于句末,用逗号分开。

I like bananas,and I like oranges,too.我喜欢香蕉,我也喜欢柑橘。

(3)either 只用于否定句中,位于句末。

If you don’t order a dessert,I won’t either.如果你不点甜点,我也不点。

(4)as well用于口语,位于句末,其前不用逗号。

He gave me money as well.他还给我钱。

10.continually,continuously

(1)continually表示“时断时续地”。

It has been raining continually for two days.断断续续地下了两天雨。

(2)continuously意为“连续不断地”。

It has been raining continuously for two hours.不停地下了两小时的雨。

11.especially,specially,particularly

(1)especially“尤其”,与particularly或in particular 意义相仿,可通用。

The Great Wall had been added to,rebuilt and repaired,especially during the Ming Dynasty.长城曾得到扩建、重建和修缮,尤其是在明朝期间。

I like maple tree,especially in autumn.我喜欢枫树,尤其是秋天的枫树。

She likes fruit and apples in particular.她喜欢水果,尤其是苹果。

(2)specially“专门地,特别地”,指为某一特别目的而做。

He came here specially to say sorry to her.他特意来这里向她道歉。

These books are specially written for beginners.这些书是特别为初学者写的。

12.fairly,rather

(1)fairly“相当”,指理想的情形,含有积极肯定的意思。

The book is fairly difficult.该书是很难(然而适当)。

She is fairly thin.她相当苗条(好看)。

(2)rather“相当”,指不太理想的情形,含有消极否定的意思。

The book is rather difficult.该书相当难。(难得不适当)

She is rather thin.她太瘦了(难看)。

(3)rather程度副词,修饰原级或比较级形容词和副词、动词、分词或单数名词,可与too连用。

This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个男孩来说太简单。

This restaurant is rather more expensive than that.这家餐厅的收费比那家贵得多。

He’s driving rather fast.他车子开得相当快。

13.far away,faraway

(1)far away 副词性短语,意为“遥远”,可作状语、表语和后置定语。

The house is not far away.这栋房子不远。(表语)

They all live far away from us.他们都住得离我们很远。(状语)

The radio reminds me of my home far away.(后置定语)

收音机里的声音让我想起了遥远的家。

(2)faraway 形容词,意为“遥远的”,作前置定语。

His family lives in a faraway village.他家住在一个很远的小村子里。

14.farther,further

(1)farther 强调距离、方向、时间上“较远地,更远地”的具体概念。

He ran farther than the others.他比别人跑得更远。

(2)further 强调抽象意义上的“更进一步,更深一层”。

She always considered further the consequences of her actions.

她总是更多地考虑她的行为所造成的后果。

15.fast,quickly,soon

(1)fast 强调速度之迅速。

The children are learning very fast.孩子们学得很快。

(2)quickly 着重动作之敏捷。

Please walk quickly across the road.请快步穿过大路。

(3)soon 突出时间之快捷。

Dinner will be ready soon.晚饭马上就好了。

16.finally,at last,in the end

(1)finally“最后”,表示“等了好久才……”,强调好不容易。

They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.

关于此事他们议论了数小时,最后决定不去了。

She finally agreed with me.她最终同意了我(的意见)。

(2)at last“终于”,强调是努力之后的结果,用于过去时,不用于否定句。

Now there was peace at last.现在和平终于到来了。

In spite of troubles,we climbed the top of the mountain at last.

虽然有困难,我们最后还是爬上了山顶。

(3)in the end“最后”,强调结果,和last 意思相同,但in the end可以用在将来时里。

He calmed down in the end.他的情绪终于平定下来。

All will come right in the end.到头来,一切都会好的。

17.first,at first,first of all,firstly,the first time

(1)first“首先”“第一次”,多用来强调顺序。

Let’s first go and see him.我们先去看看他吧。

(2)at first“起初”“起先”,往往含有后来发生的事情与起先不同的意味。

The work was hard at first,but I got used to it.起初这活儿很累,不过后来我习惯了。

(3)first of all“首先”,主要用来表述最重要的一点,一般不再往下列举。

I am interested in old coins,but first of all I am a stamp collector.

我确实对古代硬币感兴趣,但首先我是一个集邮者。

(4)firstly 用于列举“第一点”,随后说secondly,thirdly,...,可用first代替。

Firstly,what he says is not true.第一,他的话有假。

Firstly,we need somewhere to live.Secondly,we need to find work.

第一,我们需要有地方住。第二,我们需要找工作。

(5)the first time 名词短语,意为“第一次……时”,可以作连词引导状语从句。

I loved this picture the first time I saw it.我第一次看到这幅画就喜欢上它了。

18.above all,first of all

(1)above all “重要的是,首先,尤其”。

A clock must be above all correct.钟表最重要的是必须准确。

(2)first of all“首先,第一”。

First of all,let me introduce myself to you.首先,让我作个自我介绍。

【高考演练】

1.【安徽】It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,________,supply more jobs.

A.however B.anywhere C.therefore D.otherwise

【答案】C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们的希望是,我们能在市场上起到更大的作用,从而,提供更多的就业机会。however 然而;anywhere 无论何处;therefore 因此;otherwise 否则。本题中supply more jobs与play a greater role in the market place 之间为因果关系。故选C。

2.【全国大纲卷】Henry was away from home for quite a bit and________saw his family.

A.frequently B.seldom C.always D.usually

【答案】B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:亨利离开家很长时间了,并且很少回来看家人。故选B。

3.【全国大纲卷】— What did you do last weekend?

— Oh,nothing________.

A.much B.else C.ever D.yet

【答案】A 考查副词。句意:“上个周末你做什么了?”“噢,没做什么。”此处nothing much意为“没什么”。故选A。

4.【江苏】I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be________occupied.

A.also B.just C.nevertheless D.otherwise

【答案】D 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我无法在周日和你碰面,我将另有安排。also 也;just 正,仅仅;nevertheless 然而,不过;otherwise 另外地,否则。根据语境可知D项正确。故选D。

5.【江西】Thanks for your directions to the house;we wouldn’t have found it________.

A.nowhere B.however C.otherwise D.instead

【答案】C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:谢谢你带我们来这栋房子,不然的话,我们找不到它。nowhere 无处;however 然而;otherwise 否则;instead 反而。故选C。

6.【浙江】The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________.

A.blindly B.unwillingly C.closely D.carefully

【答案】A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:教育的目标在于教会年轻人去自我思考,而不是盲目地跟从别人。blindly表示“盲目地”,符合语境。unwillingly不乐意地;closely 近地;carefully 仔细地。故选A。

7.【湖北】“Perhaps we need to send for Dr Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested________to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

A.tentatively B.thoughtlessly C.definitely D.rudely

【答案】A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:父亲对前来讨论问题的邻居尝试着建议说:“或许我们需要请史密斯医生来看看关于这个问题我们能做点什么。”tentatively 尝试性地;thoughtlessly 草率地;不体贴地;definitely 明确地;rudely 粗鲁地。故选A。

8.【安徽】Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ is often thought to be the richest woman in the world.________,her personal wealth seems rather small.

A.Besides B.Otherwise C.However D.Altogether

【答案】C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:人们经常认为伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人,可是她的个人财富似乎很少。A项作为副词意思是“此外;而且”;B项意为“否则,不然的话”;C项意为“然而,可是”;D项意为“总共”。故选C。

9.【福建】Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be________respected.

A.especially B.equally C.naturally D.normally

【答案】B 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:任何人,无论是官员还是公交车司机,都应被同等尊重。especially 尤其,特别;equally 平等地;naturally 自然地;normally 正常地。故选B。

10.【全国卷Ⅱ】Next to biology,I like physics________.

A.better B.best C.the better D.very well

【答案】B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我最喜欢的科目是生物,其次是物理。next to的意思是仅次于,在……之后。句子的字面意思为:在生物之后,物理就是我最喜欢的科目了。由语境判断,此处应该是副词的最高级,故选B。

11.【江西】He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris.________,he had a wonderful time.

A.Above all B.What’s more C.As a result D.On the contrary

【答案】D 考查固定短语辨析。句意:他看起来给人的印象是他在巴黎过得不愉快。相反,他度过了一段美好时光。A项意为“首要的是”;B项意为“另外”;C项意为“结果是”;D项意为“相反”。故选D。

12.【辽宁】We used to see each other________,but I haven’t heard from him since last year.

A.especially B.regularly C.particularly D.approximately

【答案】B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们过去经常见面,但是自从去年以来我就没有收到他的来信。especially 特别,尤其;regularly 经常地,有规律地;particularly 特别地;approximately 大约。故选B。

13.【天津】The dog may be a good companion for the old.________,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Instead

【答案】B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:狗或许是老年人的好伙伴。然而,带它散步却是一大不便。besides 此外,而且;however 然而;therefore 因此;instead代替,而不是。只有B项符合句意。

14.【浙江】Mike was usually so careful,________this time he made a small mistake.

A.yet B.still C.even D.thus

【答案】A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:迈克通常非常谨慎,然而这一次他犯了个小错误。根据句中careful和made a small mistake可知此处表转折。yet 然而,可是;still 还,依然;even 甚至;thus 如此,这样,因而。故选A。

15.【四川】The hotel is almost finished,but it________needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.

A.only B.also C.even D.still

【答案】D 考查副词词义辨析。句意:这家旅馆几乎完工了,但是它仍然需要一两个星期来准备接待顾客。根据句意此处应填still。only 只有;also 也;even 甚至,均不合句意。故选D。

16.【四川】I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t make________difference to me.

A.that a big B.a that big C.big a that D.that big a

【答案】D 考查副词。句意:我一星期赚2,000美元,60美元真的不会给我造成多么大的影响。that此处为副词,相当于so。根据结构“that+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数”可知,应选D项。

17.【浙江】I’ve been writing this report________for the last two weeks,but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

A.finally B.immediately C.occasionally D.certainly

【答案】C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:两周来我一直偶尔写写这个报告,但是明天我务必要交上。finally 最终;immediately 立刻;occasionally 偶尔地;certainly 当然。只有C项最符合语意要求。

18.【天津】The young man couldn’t afford a new car.________,he bought a used one.

A.Besides B.Otherwise C.Instead D.Still

【答案】C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:那位年轻人买不起一辆新车,而是买了一辆二手车。besides 而且,还有,此外;otherwise 否则,要不然;instead 代替,而;still 仍然,还是。故选C。

19.【上海】When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage,she wondered how they had managed with________money.

A.so few B.such few C.so little D.such little

【答案】C 考查副词用法。句意:当妈妈回顾他们结婚初期时,她很诧异他们是如何在如此少的金钱的情况下顺利度过那些日子的。当名词前有few,little,many或much修饰时用副词so,而不用such,又因为money为不可数名词,故选C。

20.【全国Ⅱ】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but________another to play it well yourself.

A.quite B.very C.rather D.much

【答案】A 考查副词的固定搭配。句意:喜欢听好音乐是一回事,自己能演奏好又完全是另外一回事。quite 完全;very 一般用在形容词、副词、限定词前面,也可表示“正是”;rather 表示“相当,很”,可用于形容词、副词、比较级、限定词以及too等的前面;much 表示“很多”,可修饰比较级。根据句意及用法选择A项。


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