[高中]全新语法:不定代词 四、不定代词词义辨析
四、不定代词词义辨析
1.all，each，every
（1）基本用法
All of the teachers are busy.所有的老师都很忙。（主语）
The teachers are all busy.所有的老师都很忙。（同位语）
He gave each boy an apple.他给每个男孩一个苹果。（定语）
They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。（同位语）
We want every child to go to school.我们希望每个孩子都能上学。（定语）
（2）all，each，every与not连用表示部分否定；none表示全部否定。
All of the teachers aren’t busy.并非所有的老师都很忙。（部分否定）
Not all of the books are English books.这些并非都是英语书。（部分否定）
None of the books are English books.这些都不是英语书。（全部否定）
（3）“every+基数词+复数名词”=“every+序数词+单数名词”，表示“每……，每隔”。
every other day=every second day=every two days 每隔一天
every other line=every second line=every two lines 每隔一行
every two metres 每两米 every few weeks 每几周
2.anyone，any one
（1）基本用法
Is there anyone at home？ 家里有人吗？（指人）
You may choose any one of these books.你可以从中任选一本书。（接of 短语）
He told her not to tell anyone.他叫她不要告诉任何人。（指人）
— Which pen do you want？ 你要哪支钢笔？
— Any one will do.随便哪一支都行。（指物）
（2）与not连用表示完全否定
I don’t want to waste anyone’s time.我不想浪费任何人的时间。
I don’t know any one of them.他们中我一个也不认识。
（3）anyone who=whoever
Anyone who does it is risking his life.任何人做此等事都要冒着生命危险。
Whoever does it is risking his life.
3.both，either
（1）基本用法
There are trees and flowers on both sides of the street.街道两旁都有花草树木。
There are trees and flowers on either side of the street.
（2）both与not连用，表示部分否定；neither表示完全否定。
Both of us are not teachers.我们俩不都是老师。（部分否定）
Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师。（完全否定）
（3）both要置于限定词之前：“both+（of）+the/物主代词/指示代词+名词”。
Both the cats are asleep.两只猫都睡着了。
I bought both these vases in China two years ago.这两只花瓶是两年前我在中国买的。
Both his hands are dirty after the labour.劳动之后他的两只手都很脏。
（4）both的谓语动词用复数；either的谓语动词用单数。
Both flowers are beautiful.这两朵花都很漂亮。
Both of them are absent.他们两个都不在。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Either one is good.两个中哪一个都好。
（5）both，either构成的短语。
She was both tired and hungry.她又累又饿。
I will go on business either this week or next week.我将在这星期或下星期出差。
He had neither wife nor children.他既没有妻子也没有儿女。
4.few，a few，little，a little
It is very difficult，and few people understand it.它很难，几乎没人能懂。（否定）
It is very difficult，but a few people understand it.它虽难，但是有些人能懂。（肯定）
Unfortunately，I had little money on me.很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。（否定）
Fortunately，I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。（肯定）
5.neither，either
（1）基本用法
You may take either of the roads.两条路你走哪一条都行。
Neither statement is true.两种说法都不是事实。
I want neither of them.两个我都不要。
I don’t want either of them.两个我都不要。
【比较】
①“I can swim.” “Me，too.” “我会游泳。”“我也会。”
②“I can’t swim.” “Me，either/neither.” “我不会游泳。”“我也不会。”
（2）neither，either作主语时，谓语用单数。
Neither of the twins is here.那对双胞胎都不在这里。
Either of the plans is equally dangerous.这两个计划中，哪一个都同样有危险。
（3）“either ...or ...”“neither ...nor ...”连接主语时，要遵循“就近一致”原则。
Neither he nor she was at home.他和她都不在家。（近she用was）
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。（近brothers用are）
（4）neither用于倒装语序中。
You did not see her，neither did I.你没有看见她，我亦未看见她。
You will not go to Macau，neither will I.你不想去澳门，我也不想去。
6.no one/nobody，nothing，none
（1）基本用法
No one knows what they fought about.没人知道他们为了什么打架。
Nothing is found on the table.桌子上什么也没有。
None of my classmates survived the war.我的同学在战争中无一生还。
None of this money is mine.这钱都不是我的。
（2）答语
— Who was late today？ 今天谁迟到了？
— No one/Nobody.没有人迟到。
— How many people are there in that room？ 那个房间里有几个人？
— None.一个人也没有。
— What’s on the table？ 桌上有什么？
— Nothing.什么也没有.
— How much water is there in the bottle？ 瓶子里有多少水？
— None.一点也没有.
7.other，the other，another，others
（1）基本用法
His other books are still in storage.他其他的书还在储存里。
Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
I don’t like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。
All the shoes are here；I have no others.所有的鞋都在这里，我没有其他的鞋了。
I went swimming while the others played tennis.我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。
（2）常用句式
The old man has two sons.One is a worker，the other is a teacher.
老人有两个儿子。一个是工人，另一个是教师。（两者）
Some are playing football，others are playing basketball.
一些人踢足球，另一些打篮球。（还有其他的人）
Some are playing football，the others are playing basketball.
一些人踢足球，其余的打篮球。（没有其他的人了）
8.some，any
（1）基本用法
Some students are from the North.有些学生是北方人。（修饰可数名词）
Some meat has gone bad.一些肉已经坏了。（修饰不可数名词）
Are there any cows in the fields？ 田里有牛吗？ （修饰可数名词）
There won’t be any trouble.没有任何麻烦。（修饰不可数名词）
If there is any trouble，let me know.如果有什么麻烦，要让我知道。（用于条件句中）
（2）any用于肯定句，表示“任何”。
Any man can solve the problem.任何人都能解决这个问题。
Any time you want me，just send for me.什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。
（3）在表示请求或邀请时some也可用于疑问句。
What about some fruit juice？ 来点果汁如何？
Will you have some milk？ 你喝点牛奶，好吗？
（4）some，certain表示不明确指代，意为“某一”。
Some person called on you.有人来拜访过你。
a certain person called on you.
There must be some reason for what he’s done.他这么做一定有某种理由。
Certain things are not openly spoken about.有些事是不能公开说的。
9.many，much
（1）基本用法
They have many friends in our school.
他们在我们的学校有很多朋友。（many修饰可数名词）
My sister has much homework to do tonight.
我妹妹今天晚上有许多家庭作业要做。（much修饰不可数名词）
（2）many more，much more
There are usually many，many more factors.
通常有更多的因素存在。（接可数名词）
The farmers have produced much more rice.
这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。（接不可数名词）
