情态动词考查热点透视

三、常见的情态动词

1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. (2004年重庆卷)

A. may B. should

C. must D. shall

②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004年湖南卷)

A. shan’t B. might not

C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

— Of course. (2003年北京春季卷)

A. Will B. Shall

C. Would D. Do

Key: D A B

2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。

①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour? (2005年全国卷Ⅲ)

A. Must B. Can

C. May D. Need

②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005年全国卷Ⅰ)

A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. may not

Key: A B

3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。

— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. (2005年湖南卷)

A. can’t B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

Key: C

4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(1996年上海卷)

A. would B. should

C. had better D. might

Key: A

5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. (1997年全国卷)

A. had to B. would

C. was able to D. could

Key：C

6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况

①—Write to me when you get home.

— _______. (2001年北京春季卷)

A. I must B. I should

C. I will D. I can

② — Could I call you by your first name?

—Yes, you ______. (1998年上海卷)

A. will B. could

C. may D. might

Key：C C

巩固练习：

1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.

A. needn’t B. can’t

C. should D. may

2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn’t have arrived

B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived

D. needn’t have arrived

4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

A. mustn’t B. can’t

C. won’t D. needn’t

5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should B. can

C. must D. will

6. — Is John coming by train?

— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can

C. need D. may

7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

A. can B. will

C. may D. shall

8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need

C. should D. would

9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

—_______.

A. I don’t B. I won’t

C. I can’t D. I haven’t

10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken

B. shouldn’t have spoken

C. needn’t have spoken

D. couldn’t have spoken

答案与解析

1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。

2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。

3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。

4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。

5. B can在此表示许可。

6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。

7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。

8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。

9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。

10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。