代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语或句子的词。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词九类。
1.反身代词的概念与形式
表示“我自己,你自己,他(她、它)自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己”的代词称为反身代词。第一、二人称是在形容词性物主代词后加self或selves构成,第三人称是在人称代词宾格后加self或selves构成。
2.反身代词用法4注意
(1)反身代词作动词宾语,经常用在下列动词后构成固定词组。enjoy oneself玩得开心,过得愉快;teach oneself自学;hurt oneself伤着自己;introduce oneself to sb.向某人作自我介绍;dress oneself给自己穿衣服。反身代词还可以用在to,for,by,of,like等介词后作介词的宾语。如:
He is talking to himself.他在自言自语。
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾好自己,保持健康。
She taught herself English.她自学英语。
(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用,译为“本身、本人、亲自”等。如:
Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)
He himself was a doctor.他本人是个医生。(himself作主语he的同位语)
The work itself isn't difficult.那项工作本身并不难。(itself做主语work的同位语)
(3)反身代词用在be,feel,look,seem等连系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如:I'm not myself today.我今天感觉不舒服。
He is feeling himself again.他觉得自己健康如初。
(4)反身代词还用于一些固定词组或简短会话中。如:
Help yourself to some meat.请随便吃些肉吧。
Make yourself at home.别客气。
注意:
反身代词在句子中要与句子的人称和数保持一致,切不可随意使用。如:He didn't often go to look for food himself.他自己不经常去寻找食物。
【中考速递】
1.[吉林中考考题] Last month,I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed _____ and learned a lot.
A.us B.ourselves C.our
2.[四川达州中考考题] — Would you please come to play soccer with me?
— Sorry!My 5-year-old brother can't look after _____.
A.him B.himself C.his D.he
3.[四川成都中考考题] It's true that we are not born for _____.
A.us B.ours C.ourselves
4.[四川成都中考考题] — Liu Mei can speak Japanese so well!Who taught her?
— Nobody.She taught _____.
A.her B.hers C.herself
【答案点拨】
1.答案:B 句意:“上个月,我和父母一起去了计算机博物馆,我们玩得很开心还学到了许多。”enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心;过得愉快”,故选B。
2.答案:B 句意:“你能来和我一起踢足球吗?”“很抱歉!我五岁的弟弟不能照顾自己。”主语My 5-year-old brother与介词after后的宾语为同一人,用反身代词himself表示“他自己”。故选B。
3.答案:C 句意:我们不是为自己而生,这是真的。强调某人自己,用反身代词。故选C。
4.答案:C 句意:“刘梅日语说得这么好,谁教的她啊?”“没人,她自学的。”teach oneself是固定短语,意为“自学”,故选C。