3 but:但是,可是,而
He is old, but he looks very young.
他老了,但他看起来很年轻。
Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.
李莉喜欢小提琴,(但是)不喜欢钢琴。
(but 后面省略了主语Li Li,因为与前面的主语成分相同)
Mary likes violin, but Tom doesn't.
玛丽喜欢小提琴,而汤姆不喜欢。
(doesn't后面省略了like violin,因为与前面的成分相同)
He isn't a teacher but a doctor.
他不是(一个)老师,而是医生。
They came here not for money but for the life.
他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命。
注意
but所连接的句子,句中如果某些成分与前面相同,则可以省略。
4 so, for
It began to rain,so we had to stay here.
开始下雨了,我们不得不呆在这儿了。
1.so:所以,因此,于是
My teacher asked me to go, so I went.
我们老师让我去,因此我就去了。
比较
so除了作连词外,也可以作副词。
I hope you can pass the exam.
我希望你能通过考试。
I hope so.我也希望。
Don't walk so fast.别走得太快。
2.for:因为
I soon went to sleep, for I was tired.
我很快就入睡了,因为我太累了。
The sun has risen,for the birds are singing.
太阳升起来了,小鸟在唱歌。
比较
for和be cause for也可译为“因为”,但是它没有什么因果关系,不像because那样,而for只是说明解释而已。
5 both…and:和,既……也……
He can play both the violin and the piano.
他既会拉小提琴,又会弹钢琴。
1.《both…and…》构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.
(Li Ming和Li Li都是人,所以两者对等)
李明和李莉都是好学生。
注意
在《both…and…》句型中,and连接的词或词组要对等。
2.《both…and》的否定句表示部分否定。
He can't play both the violin and the piano.
他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。(不全会)
Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.
明和李莉不都是好学生。(其中一个是好学生)
6 either…or,neither…nor
I want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.
我想参观天津或者上海。
I like neither English nor Chinese.
中文和英文我全不喜欢。
1.either…or:或……或……;不是……就是……
a.《either…or…》构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词随其邻近的词,即or后面的词而定。
Either you or he is right.
不是你,就是他是对的。
b.此句型的否定句是全否定。
Either you or he isn't right.你和他都不对。
I don't want to visit either Tianjing or
Shanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。
2.neither…nor:既不……也不……
a.当此词组担任主语时,谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样,由nor后面的词而定。
Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
b.此句型本身是全否定,因此不能再用否定式,即不能再加not。
(×)Neither You nor I am not right.
比较
both …and ,either…or ,neither …nor 这三个句型的相互关系如下:
1.肯定句:I like both A and B.我喜欢A和B。
I like both coffee and tea.
我喜欢咖啡和茶。(茶和咖啡我都喜欢)
2.否定句:I don't like both A and B. =I like either A or B.
我不喜欢A 或B。
I like either coffee or tea .
咖啡和茶,我喜欢一样儿。
=I don't like both coffee and tea .
3.I don't like either A or B .=I like neither A nor B.
A和B 我都不喜欢。
咖啡和茶,我都不喜欢。
I like neither coffee nor tea .
I don't like either coffee or tea .
7 not only… but also:不但……而且
(1)Not only you but also your father is coming.
不但你,而且你父亲也要来。
(2)Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.
珍妮不但漂亮,而且人非常好。
1.基本用法:《not only…but also》担任主语时,此句型的谓语动词随 but also后面的部分而定,参见上文例(1)。
另外not only…but also连接对等的词或词组;例(1)you(你)和 your father(你父亲)都是人。例(2)beautiful(美的)和kind(亲切、慈祥)都是形容词。
2.该句型可以和“as well as”互换,但注意汉语翻译。
Your father as well as you is coming.
不但你,而且你父亲也要来。
注意
as well as的句子谓语动词随它前面的词“Your father”而定,所以用is coming.
Jane is kind as well as beautiful.
珍妮不但漂亮,而且为人很好。