外国人最想和你聊的文化话题：软饮料

　Realize Soft Drinks　认识软饮料

     1　何为软饮料及其危害
     A soft drink (also called pop, soda, coke, soda pop, fizzy drink, or carbonated beverage) is a non-alcoholic beverage that typically contains carbonated water, a sweetening agent, and a flavoring agent. The sweetening agent may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, or a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks). A soft drink may also contain caffeine or fruit juice.
     Products such as energy drinks, Kool-Aid, and pure juice are not considered to be soft drinks. Other beverages not considered to be soft drinks are hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, milkshakes, and schorle.
     Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast to "hard drinks" (alcoholic beverages). Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic.
     Widely sold soft drink flavors are cola, lemon-lime, root beer, orange, grape, vanilla, ginger ale, fruit punch, sparkling lemonade, squash, and flavored water.
     Soft drinks may be served chilled or at room temperature. They are rarely heated.
     Many soft drinks contain ingredients that are themselves sources of concern：caffeine is linked to anxiety and sleep disruption when consumed in excess, and the health effects of high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners remain controversial. Sodium benzoate has been investigated as a possible cause of DNA damage and hyperactivity. In 1998, the Center for Science in the Public Interest published a report titled Liquid Candy：How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans' Health. The report examined statistics relating to the soaring consumption of soft drinks, particularly by children, and the consequent health ramifications, including tooth decay, nutritional depletion, obesity, type diabetes, and heart disease.
     2　软饮料的表达方式
     （1）常见软饮料的知名品牌的表达方式
     Coca-Cola　可口可乐
     Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in the stores, restaurants, and vending machines of more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke.
     Mirinda　美年达
     Mirinda is a brand of soft drink originally created in Spain, but with global distribution.The word Mirinda means "admirable, wonderful" in Esperanto.
     Sprite　雪碧
     Fanta　芬达
     Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavored carbonated soft drinks from the Coca-Cola Company. There are over 90 flavors worldwide.
     Nestle　雀巢
     Nestlé S.A. is one of the largest food and nutrition companies in the world, founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland.
     （2）常见软饮料类型的表达方式
     carbonated drink/sodas　　　碳酸饮料(汽水)类
     juice　　　　　　　　　　　 果汁
     vegetable beverage　　　　　蔬菜汁饮料
     dairy drinks　　　　　　　　含乳饮料
     coconut milk drink　　　　　椰子汁饮料
     soybean beverage　　　　　　大豆饮料
     现在市面上充斥着各种各样的软饮料，但是很多软饮料对身体有害处。美国科学家最新研究发现，软饮料对牙齿具有很强的腐蚀性，其中部分碳酸类饮料的腐蚀性堪比蓄电池使用的酸液。橙汁和运动型饮料也会腐蚀牙齿，但可乐类饮料的腐蚀性更强。在服用后前三分钟，可乐类饮料的腐蚀性是果汁类饮料的10倍。美国哈佛大学科学家警告说，过量饮用软饮料将加速衰老过程。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　关键词语全知道
     Coca-cola is sold in more than 200 countries worldwide and is the biggest-selling soft drink in history.
     可口可乐是行销全球的知名软饮料品牌，超过200个国家都可以买到它。
     Now, you may get a can of Coca-Cola out of a machine or a cup self-served from a fountain at a fast food restaurant, but until the 1960s, both small-town and big-city dwellers would sit down in their local soda fountain or ice cream parlor for the soft drinks.
     现在你可以在贩卖机里买到瓶装可口可乐，或者是跟速食店的柜台人员买杯装。但是在1960年以前，不管是小城镇或者是大城市的居民，都必须坐在商店里才能喝到饮料。
     Whereas outside the USA Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age or income can drink it without embarrassment on any occasion.
     在美国，任何人，不论年龄大小、收入多少，都可以在任何场合饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。但在美国之外，可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。
     Coke is not the only "cola" drink. Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival and has its devotees, for it is not as sweet as Coke.
     可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，因为它不像可口可乐那么甜。
     Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating as well as refreshing.
     可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的软饮料。
     A high percentage of the population consumes a variety of soft drinks on a daily basis.
     高比例的人口每天消费各种软饮料。
     Many of these soft drinks contain sugar and various additives and have a low pH.
     许多软饮料含有糖和各种添加剂，并且pH值很低。
     Most of the students said they drank anywhere between one and six servings of soft drinks per week.
     绝大多数学生称，他们每周饮用一到六份软饮料。
     Research shows that phosphate, which gives many soft drinks their tangy taste, can accelerate ageing.
     研究表明，让很多软饮料拥有浓烈味道的磷酸盐能加速衰老。
     Aside from being damaging for our figure and our bones, it turns out that fizzy drinks are also bad for our skin, for they contain phosphate, which speeds up the aging process, a recent study cited.
     一项最新研究显示，软饮料除了会破坏体型、损伤骨骼外，还会损害我们的皮肤，这是因为软饮料中含有的磷酸盐会加速衰老的进程。
     People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer, an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported.
     医学研究人员表示，每周饮用两瓶或更多加糖软饮料的人患胰腺癌的几率要比一般人高出87%。
     A major consumer group today called for a government ban on two types of caramel coloring used in colas, warning that the ingredients could cause cancer.
     一消费组织要求政府禁止可乐中添加两种焦糖色素，警告说这类成分可能致癌。
     But not only has Coca-Cola become a byword for American world domination, it is now the most littered brand in the UK, according to figures released today.
     然而，最新公布的数据显示，可口可乐不仅是美国占据世界的品牌，现如今也是英国最垃圾的品牌。
     A survey of litter dropped across the country found the firm's bottles and cans accounted for a total of 4.9 per cent of discarded trash.
     在英国被随地乱扔的垃圾当中，可口可乐的空瓶空罐占4.9%的比率。
     Coke, the world' s largest soft drink maker, denied that the formula is the same as the one for its cola, which is kept in an Atlanta bank vault.
     全球最大的软饮料生产商可口可乐公司否认被公布的配方属实，称真实的配方一直保存在亚特兰大一家银行的保险库里。
     Soft drink consumption may be linked to weight gain.
     软饮料可能引发肥胖。
     The AHA notes that one 12-ounce can of cola contains about 8 teaspoons of sugar, or about 130 calories. That's more than the AHA suggests for a moderately active woman in her early 50s.
     AHA指出，一罐12盎司的可乐含约8茶匙的糖，或是130卡的热量，这高于AHA对50多岁适度活跃女性饮食添加糖分的建议量。
     Drinking one or more soft drinks a day may increase the risk of getting heart disease, media reports.
     有报道指出，每天喝软饮料会增加患心脏病的危险。
     The research published in the U.S. Heart Association's journal Circulation finds that adults who drink one or more soft drinks a day have about a 50 percent higher risk of metabolic syndrome, which in turn boosts the chance of getting heart disease.
     美国心脏学会官方出版物《循环》的一项研究表明，每天喝软饮料的成人将会比常人患代谢综合病的比率高50%，因而患心脏病的可能性就大大增加了。