外国人最想和你聊的文化话题：酒文化

　Get known west and Chinese wine　认识中、西酒文化

     1　中、西酒文化的异同
     People no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine. They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life. The formation way of wine culture is different in different countries. In China, the word "jiu" for alcohol is used to refer to all types of alcoholic beverages. Since long time ago China had have the stories about Du Kang who invented the method of brewing wine. A legend in western countries about the origin of wine is also spread. The wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine. The phrase"the wine culture" is put forward by the renowned economist professor Li in China. In 1994, Xiao jiacheng said that the wine culture referred to the integration of material, technical, spiritual, custom, psychological, and behavior phenomenon which generated around the center. While we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture .As a result we can not make any innovation.
     There is no development and progress without innovation. In this case, we can learn from the western countries. There are varied types of wine with different raw materials, such as Gin, Whisky, Vodka, Rum, and Brandy. Even the cocktail which appeared later is confected based on some types of the wine. It is generally acknowledged that China is far away from the western countries. As a result, the way to drink is different. Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way to drink. There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists. For example, both China and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine. The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture. While wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being. In order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.
     2　洋酒的表达方式
     （1）Red [white] wine　红[白]葡萄酒
     Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes.
     （2）Beer　啤酒
     It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains-most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used.
     （3）Brandy　白兰地
     Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35%-60% alcohol by volume and is typically taken as an afterdinner drink.
     （4）Whisky　威士忌
     Whisky is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Different grains are used for different varieties, including barley, malted barley, rye, malted rye, wheat, and maize (corn).
     （5）Vodka　伏特加
     Vodka is a distilled beverage and one of the world's most popular liquors. It is composed primarily of water and ethanol with traces of impurities and flavorings.
     （6）Gin　杜松子酒
     Gin is a spirit whose predominant flavor is derived from juniper berries.
     （7）Rum　朗姆
     Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts such as molasses, or, directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation.
     洋酒，是所有国外酒的统称。洋酒种类复杂，但主要有两大类。一是酿造酒，用谷类、水果或其他含淀粉或糖的植物为原料，经发酵、储存陈熟制成的酒，如葡萄酒、啤酒。法国、意大利、南非、澳大利亚等地都是葡萄酒的重要产地。二是蒸馏酒，即发酵酒再经过蒸馏、提纯和储存陈熟制成的酒，一般酒精含量都比较高，也就是我们常说的烈酒。烈酒可分为 6 类，即白兰地、威士忌、龙舌兰、朗姆、伏特加和杜松子酒。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　关键词语全知道
     Talking about China's fine tradition of wine culture, wine and poetry had mentioned the close relationship between the poetry of wine is given a new interpretation of the source of origin so that the culture of wine in a long, and is deeply rooted.
     说到中国酒文化的优良传统，就不得不提到酒与诗的密切关系，诗赋予酒的是全新的诠释，使酒文化源远流长，根深叶茂。
     Cocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger in the USA than in Europe.
     鸡尾酒或者混合酒，和欧洲相比在美国更加流行而且更加烈。
     Cocktail is stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters-it is vulgarly called a bittered sling.
     鸡尾酒是组合了任何类型的烈酒、砂糖、水和苦啤酒的刺激烈酒，粗俗的人称它为bittered sling。
     Wine may be distilled into brandy.
     葡萄酒可蒸馏成白兰地。
     What is distinctive to American wine festivals is that they appear in locations and on dates having nothing to do with wine production.
     美国酒节最显著的特点是：举行的地点和时间都与酒的生产毫无关系。
     The United States wine can be divided into beer, cocktails, whiskey and wine.
     美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、鸡尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。
     Most wine festivals are targeted at the wealthy and consist of hours of lectures, seminars and structured "blind tastings" whereby participants build skills at identifying wines by smell, coloration, and taste.
     多数酒节是为有钱人举办的。酒节的内容包括几小时的讲座、讨论会及有组织的"品味猜酒"活动。通过这些活动，参加者用嗅味、看色、品尝等方法来掌握识别酒的技巧。
     The three main categories which are to be examined during the wine tasting are appearance, its aroma, and the taste. It is important that you need to look into the wine, smell it and then in turn taste.
     品酒的三个主要审察方面是在品酒的外观，它的香气和口感。更重要的是，你需要观察葡萄酒的颜色，然后再品尝。
     Brandy uses fruit as raw materials, through fermentation, distillation, and become distilled liquor because of storage aging.
     白兰地是以水果为原料，经过发酵、蒸馏、贮藏陈酿而成的蒸馏酒。
     The French cognac brandy enjoys the reputation of the world's largest and highest Production .
     目前世界上产量最大、声誉最高的白兰地是法国科涅克。
     The first step in the wine tasting is the visual appearance, it is important that you do use a long stemmed wine glass without any scenic patterns on it which distract its appearance.
     第一步，品酒是外观，重要的是你要使用一个长脚玻璃酒杯并且不能改变品尝酒的外观。
     The next step is to smell the wine, hold the glass near your nose and in turn register the smell.
     第二步是葡萄酒的气味，举起玻璃杯凑近你的鼻子可以闻到气味。
     The next is the best part of sipping the aromatic wine on to your mouth wherein it is important that you do not swallow the wine directly, but roll the wine directly on to mouth and in turn feel the various flavors which are present in the wine. Thus the simple process of wine tasting gets over with the three steps of look, smell and sip.
     第三步是最好的一部分，把葡萄酒的芳香带给你的嘴，其中重要的是，你不能直接吞下酒，用舌头卷住酒直接把它送进嘴里，然后再体味在葡萄酒中的各种味道。这样通过看、闻、品三步，就完成了品酒的简单过程。
     Whiskies are very special and characteristic, with the eye-catching golden yellow color, the "woody" or "smoky" hint in it's aroma, and the fruity sweetness and pleasant bitterness of its taste.
     耀眼的金黄色，略带木质或烟熏的迷人香气，以及那果甜味和舒适的苦味使威士忌成为一种很特别、有个性的美酒。
     Barley is the main essential ingredient in the creation of Malt Whisky.
     大麦是制造麦芽威士忌的最主要的成分。
     Vodka's an alcoholic beverage that's supposed to be relatively flavorless.
     一直以来，人们认为伏特加是一种相对无味的酒精饮料。
     Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and converts them into alcohol.
     葡萄酒通过各种各样的酵母发酵压榨的葡萄制成。酵母消耗葡萄里的糖分，同时转化为酒精。
     Wines made from other fruits, such as apples and berries, are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or berry wine) and are generically called fruit wine.
     酒如果用其他水果制成，譬如苹果和浆果，就会以水果原料来命名，例如苹果酒和浆果酒，通常称为果酒。
     France has various appellation systems based on the concept of terroir. Wines from outside of the traditional wine growing regions of Europe tend to be classified by grape rather than by terroir or region of origin.
     法国对葡萄酒的称谓系统是基于地域的，而欧洲以外的传统葡萄酒是以葡萄的不同来命名的。