外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：利益与未来
- 双语介绍
- 关键词句
What is benefit society 什么是利益社会
A benefit society or mutual aid society is an organization or voluntary association formed to provide mutual aid, benefit or insurance for relief from sundry difficulties. Such organizations may be formally organized with charters and established customs, or may arise ad-hoc to meet unique needs of a particular time and place.
Benefit societies can be organized around a shared ethnic background, religion, occupation, geographical region or other basis. Benefits may include money or assistance for sickness, retirement, education, birth of a baby, funeral and medical expenses, unemployment. Often benefit societies provide a social or educational framework for members and their families to support each other and contribute to the wider community.
Examples of benefit societies include trade unions, friendly societies, credit unions, self-help groups, landsmanshaftn, immigrant hometown societies, Fraternal organizations such as Freemasons and Oddfellows and many others. Peter Kropotkin posited early in the 20th century that mutual aid affiliations predate human culture and are as much a factor in evolution as is survival of the fittest.
A benefit society can be characterized by
·members having equivalent opportunity for a say in the organization
·members having potentially equivalent benefits.
·aid would go to those in need (strong helping the weak)
·collection fund for payment of benefits
·educating others about a group's interest
·preserving cultural traditions
·mutual defence
·Many of the features of benefit organizations today have been assimilated into organizations that rely on the corporate and political structures of our time. Insurance companies, religious charities, credit unions and democratic governments now perform many of the same functions that were once the purview of ethnic or culturally affiliated mutual benefit associations.
·But new technologies have provided yet more new opportunities for humanity to support itself through mutual aid. Recent authors have described the networked affiliations that produce collaborative projects such as Wikipedia as mutual aid societies. In modern Asia rotating credit associations organized within communities or workplaces were widespread through the early 20th century and continue in our time. Habitat for Humanity in the United States is a leading example of shared credit and labor pooled to help low-income people afford adequate housing.
·In post-disaster reactions, formal benefit societies of our time often lend aid to others outside their immediate membership, while ad-hoc benefit associations form among neighbors or refugees. Ad-hoc mutual aid associations have been seen organized among strangers facing shared challenges at such disparate settings as the Woodstock Music and Arts Festival in New York in 1969, during the Beijing Tiananmen square protests of 1989, for neighborhood defense during the Los Angeles Riots of 1992, and work of the organization Common Ground Collective which formed in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The Rainbow Family organizes gatherings in National Forests of the United States each year around age old models of ad hoc mutual aid.
个人利益（individual benefit）
个人利益包括个人物质生活(material life)和精神生活(spiritual life)需要的满足，个人身体(personal health)的保存和健康，个人才能(personal capability)的利用和发展等。
集体利益(collective interest)
集体利益是社会集团(social organization)全体成员的共同利益(common interest)。与所在社会的生产资料所有制(system of ownership of the means of production)有密切联系，不同的所有制(system of ownership)关系决定了集体利益不同的性质。在社会主义国家(socialist state)，集体利益从一定意义上讲，是指国家和全体人民的利益，同时也指人们所在集体的全体成员的共同利益。集体利益具体包括社会集团公有的自然资源(natural resources)或集体所有的生产资料(production goods)和资金(capital)、教育及文化娱乐设施(cultural and recreational facilities)等。
国家利益(national interst)
国家利益就是满足或能够满足国家以生存发展为基础的各方面需要并且对国家在整体上具有好处的事物。
Often they are experts hired by stakeholders, rather than stakeholders themselves.
他们通常是利益关系人聘请的专家，本身却不是利益关系人。
There is an important conflict of interest in the world of digital product development:
在数字产品开发领域中，存在着严重的利益冲突。
The application, however, issues bulletin dialogs-they serve the application, at users' expense.
但是程序发起的公告对话框，它们为程序服务，牺牲用户利益。
A second problem affects the ability of vendors and manufacturers to make users happy.
第二个原因是影响产品制造商和经销商让用户感到高兴的能力。
Generally speaking, a stakeholder is anyone with authority and/or responsibility for the product being designed.
一般认为，任何对所设计产品有影响或责任的人都是利益关系人。
Interviews with stakeholders should occur before any user research begins because these discussions often inform how user research is conducted.
访谈利益关系人应该在其他用户研究之前开展，因为前者常常为后者提供思路。
Often political personas-the ones added to the cast to address stakeholder assumptions-become supplemental personas.
行政人物角色--被加进来用于代表利益关系人的利益--通常成为补充人物角色。
Curiosity creates interest.
好奇创造利益。
We should place the interests of the people above personal interests.
把人民的利益放在个人利益之上。
We should subordinate our personal interest to that of the collective.
我们应该让个人利益服从集体利益。
Their interest clashed with ours.
他们的利益与我们的利益冲突。
Honour and profit lie not in one sack.
要荣誉，失利益；要利益，舍荣誉。
We work in the interest of humanity.
我们为人类谋利益。
Their interests are not compatible with ours.
他们的利益和我们的利益不相容。
They worked together, and went halves in what they made.
他们一起工作，利益均分。
Under this system, personal interests must be subordinated to collective ones, the interests of the part to those of the whole, and immediate to long-term interests.In other words, limited interests must be subordinated to overall interests, and minor interests to major ones.
在社会主义制度之下，个人利益要服从集体利益，局部利益要服从整体利益，暂时利益要服从长远利益，或者叫做小局服从大局，小道理服从大道理。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 开始交流吧！
Tomas: The geological hazards frequently happen these years, and there was an earthquake in Japan some days ago.
托马斯：近些年各种地质灾害频发，前不久日本又发生了地震。
Brian: Not only the geological hazards that often occur, the climate environment is deterioration.
布莱恩：不仅仅是地质灾害，气候环境也在不断恶化。
Tomas: Could it be true that the doomsday is coming as Maya people predicted?
托马斯：难道真的像玛雅人所说，地球的末日快到了？
Brian: That's a superstition.
布莱恩：那只是一种迷信。
Tomas: Well, what's the reason?
托马斯：那么原因是什么呢？
Brian: It's human behavior that leads to these hazards.
布莱恩：是人类自己的行为导致了现在的灾难。
Tomas: You think it's due to human factor, don't you?
托马斯：你认为是人为因素？
Brian: Yes. For the purpose of development, people use the world resources without restriction in the past century, broke the geological structure, and cause the air and water pollution.
布莱恩：是的。为了发展，在过去的一个世纪中，人们无节制地利用地球资源，破坏地质结构，造成空气和水的污染。
Tomas: Indeed. Many people suffer from rare diseases because of polluted air and water.
托马斯：的确如此。很多人因为空气和水污染而患上罕见的疾病。
Brian: The sky of the city is always covered with fumulus, and the stars cannot be seen.
布莱恩：在城市的上空永远飘浮着一层烟雾，晚上也看不到星星。
Tomas: People just pay attention to their current benefits and ignore the long-term development.
托马斯：人们只关注当前的利益而忽略未来的长期发展。
Brian: Not only the countries that only pay attention to short-term benefit, but many individuals. The farmers plant excessive vegetables and fruits on the limited land in order to gain more profits, which lead to the decrease of land quality and not suit for cultivation any more. People waste plenty of water, which causes severe water shortage in many areas. The drivers use the gases that doesn't meet the standard, which lead to serious air pollution.
布莱恩：不仅只国家关注短期利益，很多个人也同样如此。农民为了获得更多收益，在有限的土地上种植过量的蔬菜和水果，导致土地质量下降，不再适宜耕种。人们大量浪费水资源，使得很多地方严重缺水。司机使用不符合标准的汽油，导致空气严重污染。
Tomas: These behaviors just satisfy the benefits of contemporary people, but harm to the rights of our offsprings.
托马斯：这些行为仅仅满足了当代人的利益，却损害了未来人们的权利。
Brian: This phenomenon must attract people's attention.
布莱恩：这种现象必须要引起人们的高度重视。
Tomas: Although we cannot manage the country, but we could take account of both benefit and future from trival things.
托马斯：尽管我们不能治理国家，但是可以从一些琐事做起，兼顾利益与未来。
Brian: I can't agree more with your opinion.
布莱恩：我非常同意你的观点。
