外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：非主流文化
- 双语介绍
- 关键词句
What is subculture 什么是非主流文化
In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.
There are six key ways in which subcultures can be identified:
1. Through their often negative relations to work (as "idol","parasitic", at play or at leisure, etc.)；
2. Through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not "class-conscious" and don't conform to traditional class definitions)；
3. Through their association with territory (the "street", the "hood", the club, etc.), rather than property；
4. Through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the family)；
5. Through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions)；
6. Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification.
The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. According to Dick Hebdige, members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot.
Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organizational culture. In some cases, subcultures have been legislated against, and their activities regulated or curtailed.
It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of Cool, which remains valuable in the selling of any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society. This process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted.
Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history-such as jazz, goth, punk, hip hop and rave cultures-may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. The punk subculture's distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest.
非主流(subculture)应该保持它的活力(vitality)。这个活力不是指其存在与否或正在运行与否，而是指其创造的能力(creativity)。很多非主流的事物，一旦失去其创造力，尽管其形式仍然是非主流的，那么只有两种结局：一是消灭(perish)；二是被同化(assimilation)。比如嬉皮士(hippies)风潮，一旦失去了其特定的历史创造力，不能与时俱进地发展自己的理念，也就渐渐地仅能成为一种时尚了。而无法确切定义或没有定论，才是非主流事物拥有创造力的反映。
非主流的一些表现：
图片(pictures)：喜爱另类奇怪的图片，比如摆POSE时会装出痴呆、颓废的表情，喜欢斜45度对着镜头嘟嘴巴。喜欢PS图片。
打扮(dress up)：与大众不同，比如女穿男装，穿着嘻哈(hiphop)，穿得破破烂烂等等。
发型(hair style)：染发(hair dying)采用蓝白等颜色，或者做夸张的造型(sculpt)等。
音乐(music)：劲爆、先锋、拉风等这样的音乐受到欢迎。
生活(life)：不人云亦云(parrot cry)，不追求大众化(popularization)，思想也叛逆激进(radicalness)，有创造力。
个性(personality)：无限展示自己的自信(confidence)、阳光、活力(vigor)。
娱乐(entertainment)：喜欢HC(花痴)，虐恋(sado-masochism)，写耽美小说。
Back then Hippies were regarded as a sub-culture that threatened to disrupt normal society.
那个时候，嬉皮文化被看作是一个对常人社会具有破坏性威胁的非主流文化。
On the face of it, they seem to be saying that what used to be "mainstream news" should now become "non-mainstream news."
乍听之下他们似乎在说过去是"主流"的现在应该成为"非主流"的新闻。
It should be pointed out that these non-essential or minor aspects must not be overlooked and must be dealt with one by one.
应当指出，不能忽略非本质方面和非主流方面的问题，必须逐一地将它们解决。
They intend to be a media "watchdog" and get the media to focus more on "non-mainstream opinions".
他们要"监督"本地媒体，是要促使媒体多报道"非主流"意见。
They do not look at the essential or main aspects but emphasize the non-essential or minor ones.
他们不去看问题的本质方面，主流方面，而是强调那些非本质方面、非主流方面的东西。
According to representatives of the group, they will also try to get the media to redefine what "news" is. On the face of it, they seem to be saying that what used to be "mainstream news" should now become"non-mainstream" news.
这个群体的代表更进一步说，他们要争取媒体为"新闻"重新定义。乍听之下，他们似乎在说，过去是"主流"的新闻，现在应该成为"非主流"的新闻。
Like early experiments with ham radios, electronic magazines are finding alternative ways of reaching the masses
如同早年的业余无线电实验，电子杂志正在寻找通向大众传播的非主流途径。
From a certain aspect, the subculture represents the development trend of society.
从某种意义上来说，非主流文化代表的正是社会的发展趋向。
Once the subculture lose its creativity, it will face to vanish or assimilation.
非主流文化一旦失去了创造力，就会面临着灭亡或者同化。
The subculture is not the one that follow the public trend, but suit for our individual psychological behavior.
非主流文化不是跟随大众潮流的东西，而是符合我们个人心理的行为。
Coca-Cola already has 8 percent of the alternative beverage market. The company's current entries include ready-to-drink teas in glass bottles, juices in drink boxes and sparkling water in throwaway bottles.
可口可乐公司已经占领了非主流饮料市场8％的份额。该公司目前投放的品种包括玻璃瓶装饮料、盒装果汁和一次性瓶装矿泉水。
I'd like to get some alternative music for my niece.
我想买一些非主流的音乐给我侄女。
There is special effect of CUBA in Non-mainstream Culture of Campus.
CUBA在校园非主流文化中的特殊作用。
This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee sub-culture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains.
这甚至造成了一种反企业垄断的非主流文化和与其相呼应的抵制大型商业咖啡连锁店活动。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 开始交流吧！
Maya: This music sounds very strange.
玛雅：这首音乐听上去很奇怪。
Linda: May it is so-called subculture music.
琳达：这大概就是所谓的非主流音乐吧。
Maya: It seems that subculture is very popular these years.
玛雅：这些年非主流文化似乎很流行。
Linda: Yes. Such as hair style, clothes, music and pictures, etc.
琳达：是的。比如发型、服装、音乐、图片等。
Maya: How do you think about subculture?
玛雅：你怎么看待非主流文化？
Linda: In my opinion, the examples above are the manifestation patterns of subculture. While subculture thought is a mode of thinking that totally different from traditional thoughts.
琳达：我觉得上面所说的例子都是一种非主流思想的表现形式。而非主流思想则是一种与传统思想不完全相符的新的思维方式。
Maya: That means you support subculture?
玛雅：这么说你支持非主流文化？
Linda: At least not disapproval.
琳达：至少不反对。
Maya: I can't agree with you. I think subculture will mislead young people in modern society.
玛雅：我不同意你的看法。我觉得非主流思想对于现代青少年是一种误导。
Linda: Why?
琳达：为什么？
Maya: The thoughts of young people are becoming increasingly open with their unrealistic opinions. Their clothes and hair styles are both peculiar even weird.
玛雅：现在青少年的思想越来越开放，想法越来越不切实际，衣着、发型也都很标新立异，甚至很怪异。
Linda: It's just a presentation of individuality.
琳达：这恰恰是一种个性的展现。
Maya: It is not the proper way to show personality. Young people should devote more spirit to their study and accomplishment improving rather than just pursuing for distinctiveness.
玛雅：个性不是以这种方式体现的。青少年应该将精力更多地投入到学习和提高自身修养上，而不是一味地追求与众不同。
Linda: What you see is just the distortive part of subculture. In fact, subculture embodies the popularity trend as well as the process for people to find out new things and reform traditions.
琳达：你只看到了非主流文化被曲解的一面。事实上非主流文化代表了一种流行趋势，是人们发现新事物、改造传统的过程。
Maya: It seems that I'm out of date； I can't accept this weird subculture after all.
玛雅：看来我是跟不上潮流了，总之我无法接受这种怪异的非主流文化。
Linda: There are many people who hold the same view as you, which attributes to the misleading of public opinion. What they show are not the real subculture, but the strange behavior of a small part of people.
琳达：很多人和你的想法一样，这都归咎于舆论的误导。他们所展现的并非真正的非主流文化，而是一小部分人的怪异行为。
Maya: Maybe.
玛雅：或许吧。
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