外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：海洋
- 双语介绍
- 关键词句
What is ocean 什么是海洋
An ocean (from Greek, "okeanos" Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71％ of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas.
More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (‰) (3.5％), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ‰. Scientists estimate that 230,000 marine species are currently known, but the total could be up to 10 times that number.
Though generally described as several "separate" oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water sometimes referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean. This concept of a continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to oceanography.
The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria. These divisions are (in descending order of size):
·Pacific Ocean, which separates Asia and Australia from the Americas
·Atlantic Ocean, which separates the Americas from Eurasia and Africa
·Indian Ocean, which washes upon southern Asia and separates Africa and Australia
·Southern Ocean, sometimes considered an extension of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, which encircles Antarctica.
·Arctic Ocean, sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic, which covers much of the Arctic and washes upon northern North America and Eurasia.
The Pacific and Atlantic may be further subdivided by the equator into northern and southern portions. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays, straits and other names.
Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. Oceanic crust is the thin layer of solidified volcanic basalt that covers the Earth's mantle. Continental crust is thicker but less dense. From this perspective, the earth has three oceans: the World Ocean, the Caspian Sea, and Black Sea. The latter two were formed by the collision of Cimmeria with Laurasia. The Mediterranean Sea is at times a discrete ocean, because tectonic plate movement has repeatedly broken its connection to the World Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Black Sea is connected to the Mediterranean through the Bosporus, but the Bosporus is a natural canal cut through continental rock some 7,000 years ago, rather than a piece of oceanic sea floor like the Strait of Gibraltar.
Despite their names, smaller landlocked bodies of saltwater that are not connected with the World Ocean, such as the Aral Sea, are actually salt lakes.
海洋灾害（marine hazards）主要指风暴潮（storm tide）灾害、巨浪（billow）灾害，海冰（sea ice）灾害、海雾(sea fog)灾害、大风灾害及地震海啸(earthquake and tsunami)灾害等突发性的自然灾害(natural calamities)。
引发海洋灾害的原因主要有大气的强烈扰动，如热带气旋(tropical cyclone)、温带气旋(extra tropical cyclone)等；海洋水体本身的扰动或状态骤变；海底地震（submarine earthquake）、火山爆发（volcanic explosion）及其伴生之海底滑坡（submarine landslide）、地裂缝（ground fissure）等。 海洋自然灾害不仅威胁海上及海岸，有些还危及自岸向陆广大纵深地区的城乡经济和人民生命财产的安全。世界上经济发达的海洋国家以及有关国际组织，都很重视海洋灾害的预警和防御。海洋灾害（现象）发生、发展、移行和消失的监视监测，是预警和防御体系最重要和最基本的内容。全球范围的海洋灾害监视监测是通过海洋监测（marine monitoring）或观测网实现的。
The sea is very big, which covers three quarters of the globe.
海洋很大，地球的四分之三是海洋。
Do you feel the allure of the sea?
你是否感受到海洋的魅力？
A dream is more romantic than scarlet pagodas by a silver sea.
梦中的风光比银白海洋旁边绯红的宝塔更加旖旎艳丽。
A freighter slipped by, and heading seaward.
一艘货船朝着海洋方向驶去。
Convection is the principal agent of heat transfer in the atmosphere and oceans.
对流是大气和海洋中热传输的主要方式。
Pollutants may also aggravate natural changes in the marine environment.
污染物也会加剧海洋环境的变化。
She sucked up the warm moist air from near the surface of the sea.
她吸收了海洋表面潮湿的热气。
The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, which is ready for the net.
海洋里鱼鳖成群，张网可得。
The sea is the world's greatest storehouse of raw materials.
海洋是世界上最大的原料宝库。
The oceans are large bodies of water.
海洋是广大的水域。
A large proportion of the earth surface is ocean.
地球表面大部分是海洋。
Marine environmental pollution treatment is a task that brooks no delay.
治理海洋环境污染已刻不容缓。
China will pay attention to basic research and marshal all necessary forces to tackle key oceanographic problems, develop marine high-techs, and constantly improve the technological levels of marine development and services.
中国将重视基础研究，组织海洋关键技术攻关，发展海洋高技术，不断提高海洋开发和海洋服务领域的技术水平。
It is said that here used to be an ocean.
据说这里过去是个海洋。
It will mobilize people from all walks of life to take part in the protection of marine resources and the marine environment and enhance their consciousness of the need to cherish and protect the ocean.
将广泛动员社会各界参与海洋资源和环境保护，增强广大民众热爱海洋、保护海洋的意识。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 开始交流吧！
Adam: It is said there was an oil leak accident last week.
亚当：听说上周发生了油轮泄漏的事故。
John: Yes, it's an America oil tanker.
约翰：是的，是美国的一艘油轮。
Adam: A large acreage of ocean is covered by oil, which lead to severe pollution.
亚当：大面积的海洋都被石油覆盖了，造成了严重的污染。
John: Yes. The water of this area cannot be used any more.
约翰： 是的。这片海域的海水无法再被利用。
Adam: Besides, the creatures that live in this area will die.
亚当：而且生活在这片海域的海洋生物也将因此而死亡。
John: The ample ocean applies extremely abundant resources for human beings. But because of human behavior, many seas have been seriously polluted.
约翰：广阔的海洋为人类提供了极其丰富的资源。然而由于人们的行为，很多海域都已经受到严重的污染。
Adam: People always ignore the impact of future while purchasing contemporary benefit.
亚当：人们总是追求当前的利益而忽视对于未来的影响。
John: Over fishing cause the extinction of many marine creatures； the extract of bethal oil lead to continuous geological hazards； the discharge of domestic garbage heavily polluted the sea.
约翰：过度的捕捞造成大量海洋生物灭绝；海底石油的开采导致了不断的地质灾害；生活垃圾的排放使得海水严重污染。
Adam: What's more, genovariation happens to many creatures due to pollution.
亚当：不仅如此，还有很多生物由于污染而发生了变异。
John: It's terrible.
约翰：太可怕了。
Adam: The government should decree some laws and policies to restrict people's destructive behaviors.
亚当：政府应当颁布相关法律政策对人类的破坏性行为进行限制。
John: In fact, many countries had formulated and decreed the marine animal protection law and marine environment protection convention.
约翰：事实上，很多国家已经制定并颁布了海洋动物保护法以及海洋环境保护公约。
Adam: How about the effect?
亚当：效果如何？
John: There are still many people who neglect these laws and regulations just for their interests.
约翰：仍然有很多人为了自己的利益无视这些法律和规定。
Adam: They should have known the severe outcome of their behaviors.
亚当：他们应当知道自己的行为会造成多么严重的后果。
John: The laws always restrict those who have conscience.
约翰：法律总是用来约束那些有良知的人们。
Adam: I hope those gainful people can awake earlier.
亚当：希望那些唯利是图的人能够早日觉醒。
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