外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：林学
- 双语介绍
- 关键词句
What is forestry 什么是林学
Forestry is the art and science of tree resources, including plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that allow forests to continue a sustainable provision of environmental supplies and services. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource and any other resources that might be affected.
Silviculture, a related science, involves the growing and tending of trees and forests. Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, including assisting forests to provide timber as raw material for wood products, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as "sinks" for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. The word "forestry" can also refer to a forest itself.
Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere, and forestry has emerged as a vital field of science, applied art, and technology.
Foresters work for the timber industry, government agencies, conservation groups, local authorities, urban parks boards, citizens'associations, and private landowners. The forestry profession includes a wide diversity of jobs, with educational requirements ranging from college bachelor's degrees to PhDs for highly specialized work. Industrial foresters plan forest regeneration starting with careful harvesting. Urban foresters manage trees in urban green spaces. Foresters work in tree nurseries growing seedlings for woodland creation or regeneration projects. Foresters improve tree genetics. Forest engineers develop new building systems. Professional foresters measure and model the growth of forests with tools like geographic information systems. Foresters may combat insect infestation, disease, forest and grassland wildfire, but increasingly allow these natural aspects of forest ecosystems to run their course when the likelihood of epidemics or risk of life or property are low. Increasingly, foresters participate in wildlife conservation planning and watershed protection. Foresters have been mainly concerned with timber management, especially reforestation, maintaining forests at prime conditions, and fire control.
林学（forestry）是研究森林的形成、发展、管理以及资源再生(resource recycling)和保护利用的理论与技术的科学，属于自然科学(natural science)范畴。林学是一门研究如何认识森林、培育森林、经营森林、保护森林和合理利用森林的学科，它是在其他自然学科发展的基础上，形成和发展起来的综合性的应用学科(comprehensive applied sciences)。
广义的林学包括以木材采运工艺(technique of timber logging and transportation)和加工工艺为中心的森林工业(forest industry)技术学科。
狭义的林学以培育和经营管理森林的科学技术为主体，包含诸如森林植物学(forest botany)、森林生态学(forest ecology)、林木育种学(forest tree breeding)、造林学(silviculture)、木材学(xylology)、森林经理学(forest management)等许多学科，有时也可称之为营林科学，尤其是现在对于森林的重新认识，已经把合理的可持续发展(sustainable development)的经营理念渗透到森林经营当中，重视的不是砍伐而是科学的经营手段。
A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck. (break out).
闪电打下来之后，突然引起一场森林大火。
An airplane was spiraling over a forest.
一架飞机正在森林上空盘旋。
China firs of mainland China are used here in reforestation work.
该地用中国大陆的杉木以更新森林。
Forest covered every portion, while there are fragmentary of cultivated soil.
森林覆盖四野，耕地零星可见。
He walked through the gloom of the thick forest.
他穿过茂密阴暗的森林。
The hikers threaded their way through the thick forest.
徒步旅行者穿过茂密的森林。
Tropical forests are characterized by a rapid turnover of nutrients.
热带森林的特点是养分周转快。
In Brazil, many ancient forests are very well preserves.
在巴西，古老的森林保存十分完好。
The stream wanders through the forest.
小溪蜿蜒流过森林。
Shots went through the forest.
森林中枪声四起。
The railway cuts through a primeval forest.
铁路穿越原始森林。
The forest was almost impassable.
森林几乎不可逾越。
The hurricane flattened the forest.
飓风夷平了森林。
The forests capped the mountains.
山顶上覆盖了森林。
The village is situated at the margin of a forest.
村子位于森林的边缘。
A smell of gunpowder penetrated the woods.
森林中弥漫着火药味。
The decrease of forest will lead to the environment pollution, so we must pay enough attention.
森林的减少会导致环境的污染，因此必须引起注意。
The coverage of forest of many countries is suffering a continuous decrease.
许多国家的森林覆盖率都在不断减少。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 开始交流吧！
Paddy: Do you know that China is suffering a fairly serious drought at the moment?
帕迪： 你知道现在中国正经历着严重的干旱灾情吗？
Jim: I saw something the newspaper about it. What's going on?
吉姆：我在报纸上看到一些。发生什么事了？
Paddy: Apparently 60 million people have been affected by it. In some places there is not even enough water for showers and laundry!
帕迪：显然6亿人都受此影响。在一些地方，甚至没有足够的水用来洗澡和洗衣服。
Jim: Which parts of China are affected?
吉姆：中国的哪些地方受到影响了？
Paddy: Mostly Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Chongqing. The problem is that it is pushing food prices sky high...
帕迪：大多数在云南、广西、四川、贵州和重庆。问题是这样的情况迫使食品价格飙升。
Jim: These middle-area cities are underdeveloped, and this drought is nothing else but adding insult to injury.
吉姆：这些中部城市经济发展本就落后，这次的旱灾无异于雪上加霜。
Paddy: Yes.
帕迪：是的。
Jim: So what has caused this drought?
吉姆：是什么引起了这次旱灾的？
Paddy: Deforestation and mining mainly. It doesn't help when the price of gold is at an all time high. Companies will just clear the land and uproot trees to make money.
帕迪：主要是森林砍伐和采矿。当黄金价格总是很高的时候，这在所难免。公司只会去清理土地，将树连根拔起，以此赚钱。
Jim: Oh dear, it looks like tough times ahead for a lot of people in western china.
吉姆：天啊，看样子对于中国西部地区的很多人来说，之后会有一段艰苦岁月了。
Paddy: Not only in China, many other countries are suffering the same experience.
帕迪：不仅是中国，其他很多国家也遭受着同样的经历。
Jim: It seems that it is significant to protect forests.
吉姆：看来保护森林是非常重要的。
Paddy: However, many countries still not aware of this problem, the cover rate of global forest is decreasing gradually.
帕迪：但是很多国家还没有意识到这个问题，全球森林的覆盖率正在不断下降。
Jim: How about our country?
吉姆：我国的情况如何呢？
Paddy: Owing to the increasing attention of forests protection, the forest covering rate of our country is keeping ahead around the world.
帕迪：由于近些年越来越重视森林的保护，我国的森林覆盖率在世界上居于领先地位。
Jim: I'm very happy to hear that.
吉姆：听到这个消息我很高兴。
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