外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：水污染
- 双语介绍
- 关键词句
What is water pollution 什么是水污染
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water, and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
Water pollution is a major global problem. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90％ of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted.
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.
The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring(calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally-occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.
Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations.
《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》中为"水污染"（water pollution）下了明确的定义，即水体(water body)因某种物质的介入，而导致其化学、物理、生物或者放射性(radioactivity)等方面特征的改变，从而影响水的有效利用，危害人体健康或者破坏生态环境，造成水质恶化的现象称为水污染。
废水从不同角度有不同的分类方法。据不同来源分为生活废水(sanitary wastewater)和工业废水(industrial effluent)两大类；据污染物的化学类别又可分无机废水(inorganic wastewater)与有机废水(organic wastewater)；也有按工业部门或产生废水的生产工艺分类的，如焦化废水(coking wastewater)、冶金废水(metallurgy wastewater)、制药废水(medicine wastewater)、食品废水(food wastewater)等。
Chemical engineers have considerable background that is applicable to water pollution problems.
化学工程技术人员具有相当多的适用于解决水污染问题的基础知识。
Many things pollute water, such as tires, trash, and plastic bags.
很多东西使水污染，例如轮胎、垃圾和塑胶袋。
Soil erosion is a main contributor to water pollution.
土壤侵蚀是水污染的一个主要根源。
In this connection, it is appropriate to recall the guidelines of the United States Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972.
在这方面，我们应回忆一下美联邦1972年水污染控制法所制定的准则。
The American Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation have become collaborators in its preparation.
美国水工程协会和水污染控制联合会在其准备中已协同工作。
As solid wastes fill more and more landfills, this form of water pollution is an increasing concern.
随着垃圾掩埋的增多，这种形式的水污染越来越受到关注。
In Weinberger, the goal of the statute was to eliminate water pollution to the extent practicable.
温伯格一案的目标是根除水污染，使其达到符合标准的程度。
The provisions of the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution shall be complied with where they are applicable.
水污染防治法另有规定的，依照水污染防治法的规定执行。
There is large area karst water being polluted in recent years.
近年来已有大面积岩溶水污染。
Water pollution has also increased with urban development.
随着城市的发展，水污染问题日益严重。
This article analyzes the effect of water pollution to the circulation of the Mengcheng sluice, and puts forward the tactics of governing the water pollution.
文章分析了水污染对蒙城间运行的影响，提出了防治水污染的对策。
Air and water pollution are our Number One priorities.
空气和水污染是我们关注的首要问题。
To bring the pollution under permanent control, sustainable development strategy must be carried out.
要实现淮河水污染的根治，必须实施可持续发展战略。
Water pollution has been making more and more water unable for drinking.
水污染正使越来越多的水没办法供人饮用。
Water pollution reduces the amount of pure, fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning.
水污染使得我们用来饮用和清洗的纯净新鲜的水资源不断减少。
Transportation and storage of pesticides and disposal of expired or ineffective pesticides shall be strictly controlled to prevent water pollution.
运输、存贮农药和处置过期失效农药，必须加强管理，防止造成水污染。
Through the provision of a new sewerage system, some progress is being made in tackling the problem.
在新污水收集系统启用后，水污染问题已有改善。
As the world has industrialized and its population has grown, the problem of water pollution has intensified.
随着工业化进程的加速和人口的增长，水污染问题变得日益严重。
All units shall strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution to protect and improve water quality.
各单位应当加强水污染防治工作，保护和改善水质。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 开始交流吧！
Bonny: We are going to do some research on the pollution of the Pearl River. Do you have any idea about it?
邦尼：我们将做一些关于珠江污染的研究。你是否有一些关于它的想法？
Jason: Since pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world, I'm sure a lot of people are interested in this topic.
杰森：由于污染成为世界上最大难题之一，我肯定许多人对这个论题有兴趣。
Sarah: Polluted water is a great danger to people's health, so I think our work is very meaningful.
莎拉：水污染对人们的健康损害很大，所以我想我们的工作是很有意义的。
Bonny: First, we can visit some factories along the river.
邦尼：首先，我们可以参观一下建在河流旁边的工厂。
Sarah: Yes, then find out the exhausted gas and water that was discharged into the nearby water.
莎拉：是的，然后调查一下有哪些工厂的废气和废水排放到旁边的河流里面。
Jason: In addition, we could take a bottle of polluted water and make a sample analysis and compare with water that is not polluted.
杰森：此外，还可以用小瓶取一些水的样本回来进行分析，并将其与未受到污染的水进行对比。
Sarah: Good idea. After we done the research, we may write a thesis about water pollution.
莎拉：好主意。我们研究完之后可以写一篇有关于水污染的论文。
Bonny: We may even send the paper to the newspaper.
邦尼：我们甚至可以把文章寄给报社。
Jason: This can teach people more about the influence of water pollution to our life in details.
杰森：这样就可以使读者更具体地了解水污染对我们的生活造成的影响了。
Sarah: However, what should we do if the factories prevent us from doing research?
莎拉：不过，如果那些工厂阻止我们进行调研呢？
Bonny: We could elaborate the negative effect of water pollution to them and afford then some effective measurements.
邦尼：我们可以向他们阐明水污染的害处并向他们提供一些有效的解决办法。
Jason: Right. Increase the public awareness is the most effective way of sewage treatment. The article can make these factories pay more attention to their influence on environment and improve correct their behavior.
杰森：没错。提高公众的意识是治理水污染最有效的途径，通过论文也可以使那些工厂更加关注自己对于环境的影响并进行改进。
Sarah: Our thoughts are perfect.
莎拉：我认为我们的想法很好。
Bonny: Well, we shouldn't wait any more and start working.
邦尼：那还等什么，马上开始行动吧。
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