What is perfume 什么是香水
Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces a pleasant scent. The odoriferous compounds that make up a perfume can be manufactured synthetically or extracted from plant or animal sources.
Perfumes have been known to exist in some of the earliest human civilizations either through ancient texts or from archaeological digs. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics alone.
Since 1945, due to great advances in the technology of perfume creation (i.e., compound design and synthesis) as well as the natural development of styles and tastes; new categories have emerged to describe modern scents:
·Bright Floral: combining the traditional Single Floral & Floral Bouquet categories. A good example would be Estée Lauder's Beautiful.
·Green: a lighter and more modern interpretation of the Chypre type, with pronounced cut grass, crushed green leaf and cucumber-like scents. Two examples would be Estée Lauder's Aliage or Sisley's Eau de Campagne.
·Aquatic, Oceanic, or Ozonic: the newest category in perfume history, appearing in 1991 with Christian Dior's Dune. A very clean, modern smell leading to many of the modern androgynous perfumes. Generally contains calone, a synthetic scent discovered in 1966. Also used to accent floral, oriental, and woody fragrances.
·Citrus: An old fragrance family that until recently consisted mainly of "freshening" eau de colognes, due to the low tenacity of citrus scents. Development of newer fragrance compounds has allowed for the creation of primarily citrus fragrances. A good example here would be Brut..
·Fruity: featuring the aromas of fruits other than citrus, such as peach, cassis (black currant), mango, passion fruit, and others. A modern example here would be Ginestet Botrytis.
·Gourmand: scents with "edible" or "dessert"-like qualities. These often contain notes like vanilla, tonka bean and coumarin, as well as synthetic components designed to resemble food flavors. A sweet example is Thierry Mugler's Angel. A savory example would be Dinner by BoBo, which has cumin and curry hints.
香水(perfume)是一种混合了香精油(volatile oil)、固定剂(fixer)与酒精的液体,用来让物体(通常是人体部位)拥有持久且悦人的气味。精油取自于花草植物,用蒸馏法(distillation)或脂吸法萃取(extraction),也可使用带有香味的化学物。固定剂是用来将各种不同的香料(perfume/spice)结合在一起,包括有香脂(balsam)、龙涎香(ambergris)以及麝香猫(musk)与麝鹿身上气腺体的分泌物(secretion)。酒精浓度则取决于是香水、淡香水还是古龙水(cologne)。香水的保存期限通常是五年。
She must wear perfume (makeup, cologne).
她一定涂抹了香水(化妆品,古龙水)。
The smell of her perfume permeated the room.
房间里弥漫着她的香水味。
Have you anything to declare? Any wine, perfumes, silks?
你有什么东西要报关吗?有酒、香水或是丝绸吗?
A little of your most delicate orange scent would not be amiss.
再洒上一点儿你那最最美好的桔子香水,那也怪不错的。
It seemed that his handkerchief was scented.
他的手帕上好像洒过香水。
Mother puts perfume on her handkerchief to make it smell pleasant.
妈妈在手帕上洒香水,使手帕闻起来很舒服。
The smell of her perfume lingered in the empty house.
空屋里仍然飘溢着她的香水味。
She bought a small bottle of French perfume.
她买了一小瓶法国香水。
She was fashionably dressed and perfumed.
她穿着入时,洒了香水。
How about this cologne perfume?
这种古龙香水怎么样?
What perfume are you wearing?
你擦什么香水?
They went to Paris to buy perfume.
他们去巴黎买香水。
Perfume is not exempt from import duty.
香水是不免税的。
The perfume is particularly elegant in smell.
这种香水的香味特别高雅。
I have a particular aversion to that type of perfume.
我对那种香水格外反感。
Paris is noted for its perfume and wine.
巴黎以香水和葡萄酒而闻名。
Part 3 Let's Talk! 开始交流吧!
Salesperson: Good morning, Miss, anything to help?
销售员:早上好,小姐,有什么需要帮助的吗?
Consumer: I'd like to buy a perfume. What kind of perfume do you have?
顾客:我想买一瓶香水。你们有什么香水?
Salesperson: We have both American and French perfume. Which do you like better?
销售员:我们有美国产的和法国产的。您更喜欢哪一种?
Consumer: Which one is more popular?
顾客:哪里产的比较受欢迎呢?
Salesperson: Both of them are very popular, but I recommend the French one, French is famous for its perfume after all.
销售员:它们都很受欢迎,不过我个人更推荐法国的,毕竟法国因香水而闻名。
Consumer: Okay, French, please. Please show me something of good quality.
顾客:好的,那就法国产的吧。请给我拿一种高品质的看看。
Salesperson: On which occasion will you use it?
销售员:你希望在什么场合使用?
Consumer: At work or on conference.
顾客:平时上班或者开会时。
Salesperson: How about this Dior perfume? It's very popular.
销售员:这种迪奥香水怎么样?它很受欢迎。
Consumer: Really? What makes it so special?
顾客:是吗?它有什么特别之处?
Salesperson: The elegant smell. It's just the thing that would take a lady's fancy.
销售员:它的香味高雅。这正是女士中意之处。
Consumer: But is smells so heavy, is there any mild perfume?
顾客:不过香味有点太过浓烈,有没有淡雅一些的香水?
Salesperson: How about this one? "The tender poison" is specially designed for those women who prefer the mild perfume.
销售员:这一款怎么样?"轻柔的毒药"是专门为喜欢清淡香气的大多数女性而设计。
Consumer: Well, it smells good. What's brand?
顾客:恩,闻上去很不错。这是哪种品牌的?
Salesperson: It also belongs to Dior perfume.
销售员:这款也属于迪奥香水。
Consumer: Then I'll get a bottle.
顾客:那我买一瓶。