外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：事业成功与快乐生活

　What is career success and happiness　什么是幸福感指数
     The construction of career success contextualized
     The current study aims to dissect the meaning of the career success construct by applying the laddering interview technique as well as Q-sort methodology to generate a more inclusive model of what career success might mean to different people. Several recent publications have made apparent that career success can have a multitude of meanings, depending on the individual or subgroup constructing the meaning.
     First of all, the construction of meaning for career and career success is a historically and culturally specific process. Savickas described the "rise and fall" of career in North America by outlining the historical evolution from an agricultural to an industrial economy and finally, to the current-day knowledge economy, causing careers to be decreasingly regulated and linear. With regard to culture, several authors have demonstrated that the career narratives of people from different countries vary. Dany described the European culture as bureaucratic, with servile obedience, risk aversion and strong commitment as key features. The US culture, on the other hand, is described as "contractual"; risk-taking and entrepreneurial, individualist attitudes are valued. Other researchers compared prevalent career theories-that are mostly contextualized for White people in middle-class US environments-to career narratives studied in Austria, China, Costa Rica, Japan, Malaysia, Spain and among Northern Plains American Indians.
     Furthermore, sub-culture and socio-economic background can play an important role in the way people construct the meaning of career success. For instance, Sturges reported that interviewees who grew up in blue-collar environments indicated that their parents "did not have careers". Hennequin found, in line with Thomas, that blue-collar workers create their own definition of career success, in which seniority, technical competence or the amount of danger experienced at work play a role.
     Finally, and on a more individual level, developmental theories such as socialization and life-cycle processes may be relevant. Socialization processes are particularly relevant when it comes to the career success definitions of men versus those of women. For instance, certain cultures limit the desirability and possibility of women pursuing careers in "masculine"sectors by emphasizing their responsibility as "wife and mother", while men are "breadwinner" or "provider". Moreover, several authors have found that the meaning attributed to career success can shift across generations as well as during one person's life-cycle, depending on the career stage, the different life tasks and the development of the self-concept.
     事业成功的15种能力：
     1．解决问题时的逆向思维能力(reversed thinking capability)。
     2．考虑问题时的换位思考(think from another way)能力。
     3．强于他人的总结能力(presentation skill)。
     4．简洁的文书编写(Document writing)能力。
     5．信息资料收集(material collection)能力。
     6．解决问题的方案制定(scheme constitution)能力。
     7．目标调整(target adjustment)能力。
     8．超强的自我安慰(self-comfort)能力。
     9．书面沟通(writing communication)能力。
     10．企业文化的适应(culture adaptation)能力。
     11．岗位变化的承受（bear position change）能力。
     12．客观对待忠诚(objective treat loyalty)。
     13．积极寻求培训和实践的机会(actively seek training and practice opportunities)。
     14．勇于接受分外之事(the courage to accept the points)。
     15．职业精神(professional spirit)。