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外国人最想和你聊的时事话题:贫困问题

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2018年09月30日

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 What is poverty 什么是贫困问题

     In the economic development of the present world, poverty remains a grave problem which disturbs social development. A large poor population can be found in not only the developing countries and regions where it will increase but also in the economically developed European and American countries. Anti-poverty is a significant strategic decision for various countries to enhance their economic development. China, a developing country, is confronted with poverty inevitably in the course of its economic development, especially during the period of system transition. Moreover, during a particular phase, dual-poverty, the co-existence of the poor population in both the rural areas and urban areas, will arise. One underlying cause of this phenomenon is that a large unemployment population emerges as a result of the transition of the running mechanism in the state-owned enterprises. In view of all these, the problem of poverty is also a serious problem that confronts the building a well off society .The study of poverty will be national significance and also world-wide significance.
     Poverty refers to a living state under which the normal material and spiritual needs of an individual or a family can't be met as a result of both institutional factors and non-institutional factors. There is no doubt that developing and developed countries are all disturbed by poverty. However, the problems remain different in its nature and type. Poverty in developed countries is mainly a relative one. Those factors leading to poverty are mainly individual. The target of anti-poverty campaign is mainly against poor population. While in developing countries, poverty is mainly featured by absolute poverty. The factors can be found in their geography, history, society, politics and the negative aspects of their cultures. But as far as its nature is concerned, the low level productivity and unfair distribution of income are the main causes. The target of antipoverty campaign aims mainly at poor areas.
     Poverty in China is an economic concept, which carries heavy political connotation. The subject of poverty is poor population while the object is poor areas. As for its characteristics, it is regional, ethic, stratum and institutional from a macroscopic view; from a meso-scopic view, it is featured by the adverse ecological environment, the frail infrastructure, the low-level and unitary economic structure, the lowlevel cultural life and the natural, semi-natured and planned economy; from a microscopic view, it's featured by possessing capital, especially human capital's insufficiency and inability. A correct definition of the types of poverty is the key point to improve the efficiency of antipoverty campaign in China. Poverty in China can be classified into institutional poverty and non- institutional poverty.
     贫困(poverty)是一个十分复杂的问题,按照经济学的一般理论,贫困是经济、社会、文化贫困落后现象的总称。但首先是指经济范畴(economic scope)的贫困,即物质生活贫困(material poverty),可定义为一个人或一个家庭的生活水平达不到一种社会可以接受的最低标准。贫困的存在有着历史与现实的双重原因,因而,贫困又是一个历史性的范畴(historical scope)。根据不同的划分标准,贫困可以分为不同的类型。如绝对贫困(absolute poverty)和相对贫困(comparative poverty),生存型贫困(survival poverty)、温饱型贫困(subsistence poverty)和发展型贫困(development poverty),区域型贫困(regional poverty)和个体型贫困(individual poverty),城市贫困(urban poverty)和农村贫困(rural poverty),狭义贫困(narrow poverty)和广义贫困(broad poverty)等等。







     Governments should endeavor to mitigate distress.
     政府应努力缓解贫困问题。
     The problem of the poor and the city in America is simplified the problem of the ghetto Negro.
     美国的贫困问题与城市问题简单来看就是居住在贫民区的黑人问题。
     Practice has proved that economic growth is the key to solve the problem of poverty.
     实践证明,经济增长是解决贫困问题的关键。
     Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding poverty remain elusive.
     立即解决贫困问题的办法仍然是难以捉摸的。
     We have international terrorism, abject poverty, sanitations, contaminate (pandemic) diseases and most importantly (these days) of these is, climate change issue.
     我们面临着国际恐怖主义,贫困问题,医疗卫生问题,大范围流行的疾病和最重要的全球气候变暖问题。
     These people are the key group China should show concern for in building an overall well-off society.
     因此,解决贫困问题应成为我国建设全面小康社会的重点。
     The state has driven forward the solution of poverty in the rural poverty-stricken areas across the country through concentrated and effective aid to the impoverished counties.
     通过对贫困县的集中有效扶持,带动了全国农村贫困问题的解决。
     Extreme poverty had reduced them to a state of apathy.
     极端的贫困使他们万念俱灰。
     I see only dire poverty ahead from my feet to the grave.
     面临着我的没有别的,只有可怕的贫困。
     Before settlement there was exertion, anxiety and need in human life.
     在定居之前,人类的生活充满着劳累、焦虑和贫困。
     He got congress to appropriate $25 million to resettle destitute families on farms.
     他叫国会拨款二千五百万美元在农村安置贫困的家庭。
     He reached the excess of destitution from which he never rose again.
     他走到了贫困的极端,从此一蹶不振。
     Her father has been down and out ever since the factory closed.
     自从工厂关闭后,她的父亲一直贫困潦倒,灰心丧志。
     It was not the peril but the poverty that her family disliked.
     她家所鄙夷的并非是险境,而是贫困。
     It was poverty that reduced her to prostitution.
     是贫困迫使她卖淫。
     More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.
     国家需要向社区的贫困阶层提供更多救济。




     Miss Zhang: Hello, Mr. Huang, nice to meet you.
     张老师:你好,黄先生,很高兴能见到你。
     Mr. Huang: Hello, Miss Zhang, nice to meet you, too.
     黄先生:你好,张老师,我也很高兴能见到你。
     Miss Zhang: I stand for Yaoan Hope primary school to come here. Thank you for what you have done for us.
     张老师:我是代表姚安希望小学来这里,谢谢您为我们所做的一切。
     Mr. Huang: It's my duty. You know, I was a man from a depressed area, so I know the kids in the mountain area are very poor. They need help.
     黄先生:这是我的责任。你知道,我是一个从贫困地区出来的人,所以我知道那些山区的孩子非常的困难,他们需要帮助。
     Miss Zhang: You are very kind. As we know, the children love studying, but the educational facilities are very poor. Every time I see the students sitting in the bad tables and chairs, I have a very strong desire to help them.
     张老师:你很仁慈,正如我们所知道的,那些孩子很爱学习,但是教育设施很差。每次看到那些学生坐在那些已经破掉的桌椅上,我就有一股很强的欲望想帮助他们。
     Mr. Huang: You are a very kind teacher.
     黄先生:你是个善良的老师。
     Miss Zhang: Thank you. I just want to do something for the kids. They are just kids.
     张老师:谢谢,我只是想为孩子们做点什么,他们只是一群孩子。
     Mr. Huang: Our country has a large amount of population with many underdeveloped regions. The poverty problem has always persecutes our country. However, money sunk in education can not meet the needs of all students. So I'd like to create more opportunity for the children to receive education.
     黄先生:我们国家的人口太多,而且很多地方都很落后,国家一直以来都面临着严重的贫困问题。然而国家在教育方面投入的资金不足以满足所有学生的需要。所以我希望能通过自己的力量让更多的孩子有机会读书。
     Miss Zhang: Thanks a lot. If there are more kind people like you, there will be more people who have the opportunity to study.
     张老师:太感谢您了。如果有更多的像您一样善良的人,就会有更多的孩子有机会接受教育。
     Mr. Huang: If you need any help, let me know.
     黄先生:如果需要任何的帮助,尽管说。
     Miss Zhang: I will. And this is my presumptuous request that the children want you to see them and say something to them.
     张老师:我会的,这是我的不情之请,那些孩子想让你去看看他们,对他们讲讲话。
     Mr. Huang: It's my pleasure. I will be there.
     黄先生:这是我的荣幸,我会去的。
    

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