外国人最想和你聊的时事话题：收入分配
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What is income distribution 什么是收入分配
In economics, income distribution is how a nation's total economy is distributed among its population.Income distribution has always been a central concern of economic theory and economic policy. Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labor and capital.
Modern economists have also addressed this issue, but have been more concerned with the distribution of income across individuals and households. Important theoretical and policy concerns include the relationship between income inequality and economic growth.
The distribution of income within a community may be represented by the Lorenz curve. The Lorenz curve is closely associated with measures of income inequality, such as the Gini coefficient.
The reform of the income distribution system has been a headache for Chinese society for a long time. It is rooted in the huge income gap among the different classes of Chinese people. For example, while public servants and people working for public agencies have relatively high salaries and a promising future, migrant workers and farmers have very limited channels to lift their income. Additionally, the latter is excluded by China's social security system which definitely worsens their situation.
At the beginning of China's reform and opening which began over three decades ago, the central government adopted the national strategy of focusing on developing the manufacturing sector. Since then, farmers have had to work hard to ensure a material supply for the country's industrial development. Farmers have contributed much to the development of the Chinese economy, but have gained little. Aside from the income gap between rural residents and their urban counterparts, people in cities also have great gap in income levels.
The income gap between people living in different regions is also tremendous. While eastern provinces have realized economic prosperity by developing private companies and opening to the outside world, people living in central and western provinces are still striving to support their families. That's why the Chinese government started the "go-west project" ten years ago. But the regional income gap still exists.
Currently, the reform of the income distribution system is focused on reforming China's taxation system. According to an EO report, though Chinese officials have formed a consensus on reducing the tax burden for people with medium-level and low income, they remain uncertain on how to tax wealthy Chinese.
Furthermore, the Chinese government has been long criticized by occupying too much wealth. Though a tax cut is perceived to be an effective way to reduce government revenue, it will play a limited role in directly lifting people's income.
国民收入分配（the distribution of national income）广义上指一国在一定时期内的经济活动成果在各经济主体(economic entity)之间的分配；狭义上指国民收入在国民经济(national economy)各部门、各生产单位和非生产单位以及居民中的分配过程。就中国而言，它包括初次分配(primary distribution)、再分配(redistribution)和最终分配(ultimate distribution)三个过程。我们要深刻认识解决收入分配领域问题的紧迫性，遵循增进公平(fairness)、兼顾效率(effectiveness)的原则，重新审视财税体制改革(financial and taxation system reform)过程中存在的倾向性问题，以及城镇化(urbanization)、工业化(industrialization)、市场化(marketization)进程的影响，关注行业层面的垄断(monopoly)现象和企业分配机制不合理的问题，注重教育、就业和社会保障(social security)等公共服务(public service)的均等化要求，加强政策研究和工作协调，推进机制改革和制度完善，抓紧解决收入分配领域存在的问题。
They will enter into a new income sharing agreement.
他们会签订一份新的收入分配协议。
The conventional view of poverty is based solely on the distribution of net incomes.
关于贫穷的传统观点仅仅是基于净收入的分配。
We should deepen reform of the system for income distribution and progressively rationalize it.
我们应当深化收入分配制度改革，逐步理顺分配关系。
The government should promote the reform of the wage and income distribution system and establish an incentive and restraining mechanism for income distribution.
政府应当推进工资收入分配制度改革，建立收入分配的激励和约束机制。
Things have yet to be straightened out in the matter of income distribution.
收入分配关系尚未理顺。
Reforming the wage and income distribution system should be paid enough attention.
改革工资收入分配制度应当受到足够重视。
In the poor countries the main concern focused on the question of growth versus income distribution.
穷国关注的主要问题是增长与收入分配的关系。
The more likely explanation can be found in the enormous imbalance in world income distribution.
世界收入分配的巨大的不平衡状况似乎是更为可信的解释。
A second "noneconomic" objective to which trade policy might be addressed is the distribution of income within the nation.
可能涉及贸易政策的第二个"非经济"目标，是国内的收入分配。
Furthermore, the coverage of many of these surveys is too limited to provide reliable nationwide estimates of income distribution.
而且，许多这类调查工作的对象范围太窄，不能提供全面范围收入分配的可靠数字。
In addition to the overall rate of inflation or deflation, the sector distribution of income has been at issue.
除了总的通货膨胀率或收缩率之外，部门间的收入分配也是争论之点。
Levels of mass poverty are indicated by the income distribution in the country.
民众贫困的水平是通过该国的收入分配来表示的。
This suggests how to go about the task of getting a numerical measure of the degree of inequality of income distribution.
这可以启发我们如何进行我们的任务，即为收入分配的不平等程度找到一种量化的衡量办法。
Today's immediate problem is distribution of both food and income.
目前面临的紧迫问题是食物分配和收入分配问题。
A glance at the income distribution in the U.S. shows how pointed is the income pyramid, how broad its base.
对美国的收入分配稍加观察便可以看出收入的金字塔具有多么尖的顶和多么宽的底。
Lora: Darling, my salary increases!
劳拉：老公，我涨工资啦!
Collins: Really? Congratulations.
科林斯：是吗？恭喜了。
Lora: But compared with those rich people, it still very low.
劳拉：不过和有钱人相比还是少得可怜。
Collins: The unfairness of income distribution exists in each country, which is difficult to be totally solved.
科林斯：收入分配不公平的问题在每个国家都存在，想彻底解决不是件容易的事情。
Lora: Yes. Some people, such as senior officials and actors, their income is virtually astronomical figures for us, while some others who make great contribution to the development of country gain little.
劳拉：是啊。有些人，如高官、演员的收入对我们来说简直就是天文数字，相反许多为国家的发展做出很大贡献的人收入却相当微薄。
Collins: The monopoly in many industries also lead to the unfair income distribution.
科林斯：很多行业的垄断现象也造成了收入分配的不公平。
Lora: Our government should implement income distribution reformation as soon as possible to relief the phenomenon of unfair distribution.
劳拉：政府应该尽快贯彻收入分配制度改革以缓解收入分配不均的现象。
Collins: Apart from that, it should increase the money input of education, medical treatment and social security.
科林斯：另外政府还应当加大对于教育、医疗和社会保障体系的投入。
Lora: I heard that many countries afford the expenditure of people's medical treatment; even people in some countries can enjoy the allowance offered by government without working.
劳拉：我听说很多国家看病都是由国家出钱，尤其是有些国家不用工作都可以享受国家提供的生活补助。
Collins: The national income not only depends on the rationality of distribution, but the economic development of the whole country.
科林斯：国民收入水平不仅取决于分配的合理性，更取决于整个国家经济的发展程度。
Lora: I agree with your opinion. But I believe that fair distribution is more important. The living standards of many people in our country can be increased if the total national income can be distributed fairly.
劳拉：我同意你的观点。但我还是认为分配的公平更重要。如果能将我国的总收入进行平均分配，很多人的生活水平都将得到显著的提高。
Collins: You're right. The government has devoted in the reform of income distribution system, and increase people' deposable income by various means, such as increase the starting point of taxation.
科林斯：你说的很有道理。政府近些年来一直致力于改革收入分配制度，通过各种手段使人们的可支配收入增加，比如提高了个人所得税的起征点。
Lora: This is a good policy, and I can gain hundreds more money.
劳拉：这项政策非常好，我可以多获得几百元的收入。
Collins: I believe that social income distribution will become fairer through the government's effort.
科林斯：相信通过政府的努力，社会的收入分配会变得越来越公平。
