外国人最想和你聊的名人话题：保罗·塞尚
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About Cézanne 关于塞尚
Paul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. The line attributed to both Matisse and Picasso that Cézanne "is the father of us all" cannot be easily dismissed.The Cézannes came from the small town of Cesana now in West Piedmont, and it has been assumed that their name came from Italian origin. Paul Cézanne was born on 19 January 1839 in Aix-en-Provence, in Provence in the South of France. On 22 February, Paul was baptized in the parish church, with his grandmother and uncle Louis as godparents. His father, Louis-Auguste Cézanne (28 July 1798-23 October 1869), was the co-founder of a banking firm that prospered throughout the artist's life, affording him financial security that was unavailable to most of his contemporaries and eventually resulting in a large inheritance.
Cézanne's work demonstrates a mastery of design, colour, tone, composition and draughtsmanship. His often repetitive, sensitive and exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields, at once both a direct expression of the sensations of the observing eye and an abstraction from observed nature. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects, a searching gaze and a dogged struggle to deal with the complexity of human visual perception.
塞尚的画具有鲜明的特色。他强调绘画的纯粹性，重视绘画的形式构成。他极力追求一种能塑造出鲜明、结实的形体的绘画语言。他作画常以黑色的线勾画物体的轮廓，甚至要将空气、河水、云雾等，都勾画出轮廓来。在他的画中，无论是近景还是远景的物象，在清晰度上都被拉到同一个平面上来。这样处理，既与传统表现手法拉开距离，又为画面构成留下表现的余地。为了画面的形式结构，他不惜牺牲客观的真实。他最早摆脱了千百年来西方艺术传统的再现法则对画家的限制。在塞尚的画中，经常出现对客观造型的有意歪曲，如透视不准、人物变形等。他无意于再现自然。而他对自然物象的描绘，根本上是为了创造一种形与色构成的韵律。他曾说："画家作画，至于它是一只苹果还是一张脸孔，对于画家那是一种凭借，为的是一场线与色的演出，别无其他的。"
塞尚重视绘画的形式美，强调画面视觉要素的构成秩序。这种追求其实在西方古典艺术传统中早已出现，而塞尚始终对古典艺术抱着崇敬之情。他最崇拜法国古典主义画家普桑。他曾说："我的目标是以自然为对象，画出普桑式的作品。"他力图使自己的画，达到普桑作品中那种绝妙的均衡和完美。他向着这方面，进行异常执著的追求，以至于对传统的再现法则不以为然。他走向极端，脱离了西方艺术的传统。正是如此，他被人们尊奉为"现代绘画之父"。
He would paint, he said, like Cézanne and Degas, but after Auschwitz.
他说他会像塞尚和德加那样绘画，不过要在奥斯威辛之后。
The paintings of Cézanne prefigured the rise of cubism in the early 20th century.
保罗·塞尚的绘画预示了 20 世纪初叶立体主义的兴起。
After Cézanne, the lines in the frame of oil paintings began to show characteristics different from before.
油画画面结构中的线在塞尚以后开始显示出不同于以往的特性。
Cézanne's influence was strongest during the generation after he died, but it has proved remarkably persistent.
塞尚之影响，最强见于他过世之后，然却长盛不衰。Cézanne flattened the conventional picture plane.塞尚将传统的画面空间平面化。
Cézanne's late canvases of monolithic Naked Bathers were his favourite style.
塞尚晚期的裸浴者全身像油画是他最喜欢的风格。
"Cézanne and Beyond" is a beautiful and powerful collection of modern and post-modern art by some of the most talented painters of the past 100 years.
"塞尚·超越"美妙绝伦，震撼强烈，集百年最具天赋作者现代与后现代艺术于一体。
The subject of this picture of a reclining clothed figure, unique in Cézanne's oeuvre.
这幅画的题材是一个穿衣斜躺着的人物，在塞尚的作品中很少见。
Cézanne's shadow is beginning to fade.
塞尚的影响开始渐渐减弱。
His works affected Cézanne.
他的作品影响了塞尚。
Early works of him were influenced by Cézanne, Vincent Van Gogh and cubism, but later he began to form his own style of art, and his skill of painting come to be more mature.
他早期的艺术创作受到塞尚、梵高、立体主义等现代派绘画的影响，随后形成自己独特的艺术风格，其绘画语言也逐渐成熟。
Cézanne continued to submit works to the Salon until 1882.
塞尚继续向沙龙提交作品直到1882年。
Cézanne remained a devout Roman Catholic.
塞尚仍然是个虔诚的天主教徒。
Cézanne's paintings were shown in the exhibition.
塞尚的画在展览中展出。
Religious images appeared less frequently in Cézanne's later work.
宗教图像在塞尚的后期作品中出现得越来越少。
Cézanne chose to work in isolation.
塞尚选择独自工作。
Cézanne's paintings were not well received.
塞尚的作品不是很受欢迎。
Mike: See, this is my new painting.
麦克：看，这是我的最新画作。
Daisy: It's very beautiful.
黛西：画得很美。
Mike: I was imitating Cézanne.
麦克：我是模仿了塞尚的画。
Daisy: I can't distinguish paintings of painters like Cézanne, Monet, and Van Gogh.
黛西：我分不清塞尚，莫奈，梵高这些画家的画。
Mike: That's normal, you are not an expert.
麦克：这很正常，你又不是专家。
Daisy: Can you tell?
黛西：你能分辨吗？
Mike: To be frank, I can't either. But I know most works of each one.
麦克：说实话，我也不行。但我知道他们每个人的大部分作品。
Daisy: What is the main style of Cézanne's work?
黛西：塞尚的作品主要风格是什么？
Mike: He is a Post-Impressionist painter, he does not have a definite style, but you can feel it roughly from his paintings.
麦克：塞尚是个后印象派画家，他没有一个确定的风格，但是你可以从他的画中大体感受到。
Daisy: I only know the style of Picasso, his is very strange.
黛西：我只知道毕加索的风格，他的风格很奇特。
Mike: Yes, he is very exceptional.
麦克：是的，他非常独特。
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