外国人最想和你聊的名人话题：欧内斯特·海明威

　About Hemingway　关于海明威

     Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of American literature. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.
     Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After leaving high school he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War I, which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. He was seriously wounded and returned home within the year. In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives, and the couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent. During his time there he met and was influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate community known as the "Lost Generation". His first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was published in 1926.
     After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927 Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced following Hemingway's return from covering the Spanish Civil War, after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940, but he left her for Mary Welsh after World War II, during which he was present at D-Day and the liberation of Paris.
     Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952 Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or ill-health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba during the 1930s and 1940s, but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.
     对于海明威的评价，正如约翰·肯尼迪总统的唁电所说："几乎没有哪个美国人比欧内斯特·海明威对美国人民的感情和态度产生过更大的影响。"他称海明威为"20世纪最伟大的作家之一"，以文学硬汉著称。
     海明威的主要著作表现出更简明的结构，语气和人物角色也显得更具叙事的特征。和这点同样重要，甚至比这更加重要的是，海明威这种以坚持使用简短、具体而直接的平铺直叙的文体和完全由对话构成的场景为主要特点的写作风格，使他的小说和短篇故事具有一种独特的、能够立即被确认是作者本人所写的特征。由于他写作的风格以及他个人生活的风格，人们倾向于把他当做一群美国作家中的代表性人物，这些作家的作品反映了美国人所特有的一种寓于行动中的精神，即勇敢、直率以及坚定的独立精神。他本人是一个曾经参加一战的负过重伤的老兵、一名直接参战的反法西斯战士，同时还是一位热爱户外活动、有着诸多人生追求的"硬汉"，这样的背景加深了他和他作品之间的这种联系。