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外国人最想和你聊的名人话题:狄德罗

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2018年08月02日

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 About Diderot 关于狄德罗

     Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He was a prominent persona during the Enlightenment and is best-known for serving as co-founder and chief editor of and contributor to the Encyclopédie.
     Denis Diderot was born in the eastern Langres and commenced his formal education in the Lycée Louis le Grand. In 1732 he earned a master of arts degree in philosophy. He abandoned the idea of entering the clergy and decided instead to study law. His study of law was shortlived however and in 1734 Diderot decided instead to become a writer. Because of his refusal to enter one of the learned professions, he was disowned by his father, and for the next ten years he lived a rather bohemian existence.
     He studied history and developed a great fear that knowledge would continue to be destroyed by the Christians, who had a one-thousand year's history of destroying libraries, burning books, ripping paintings, smashing marbles, and torturing anyone who voiced an unorthodox thought. To prevent it from happening in the future he produced the Encyclopedie, a history of what was known, and then distributed it world wide. He wrote almost a thousand of its articles, over a 20 year period. The rest were submitted by the scholars of the world including our own Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Rush. It took 35 volumes and a lot of commotion to get it all together.
     Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son ma?tre (Jacques the Fatalist and his Master), which emulated Laurence Sterne in challenging conventions regarding novels and their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue, Le Neveu de Rameau (Rameau's Nephew), upon which many articles and sermons about consumer desire have been based. His articles included many topics of the Enlightenment.
     狄德罗的哲学思想既反映形而上学的思维方式,又夹杂着一些辩证法的因素。1749年发表的《论盲人书简》充分表述了无神论思想。这种思想没有停留在以触觉为衡量事物存在与否的准则上,深入到了理论思维的领域。
     狄德罗把世界设想为一个大系统,认为其中存在的只有时间、空间与物质;物质本身具有活力,能够自行运动,不需要它以外的神秘力量参与;运动是物质的一种属性,物质与运动不可分割的联系造成绚丽多彩的大千世界,这个世界是统一的,统一于物质;由于物质不断运动,永远处于变化的过程中,所以新鲜的事物层出不穷;所有的事物都相互联系,联系与统一具有内在的逻辑上的蕴涵关系。在狄德罗的自然观中,含有转化的观念。他肯定自然事物可以相互转化,转化还涉及事物质的变化。但狄德罗的自然观仍然存在形而上学倾向。他把一切变化都归结为"纯粹数量增长",把自然中的因素看做是一成不变的,认为由元素组合的事物,通过嬗变而彼此交替,只能形成循环的局面。




     Denis Diderot was the main editor.
     丹尼斯·狄德罗是主要编纂者。
     In this regard, Diderot's Rameau's Nephew is a success story.
     在这方面,狄德罗的《拉摩的侄儿》是一个成功的范例。
     This shows that Diderot recognized the complexity of the problem.
     这说明狄德罗认识到了问题的复杂性。
     You may have heard the story of Diderot's robe somewhere along the way.
     也许你曾道听途说过关于狄德罗的浴袍的故事。
     Diderot Rameau's Nephew and Diderot live in the era of feudalism, capitalism and the struggle era.
     狄德罗与拉摩的侄儿所生活的时代,是资本主义与封建主义激烈斗争的时代。
     Diderot was one of the greatest philosophers and writers in the Age of Enlightenment in France.
     狄德罗是法国启蒙时代伟大的思想家和作家。
     Worth pondering, however, in the confrontation between the two, the sense of fair play and no win Diderot.
     然而值得玩味的是,在二者的交锋中,扮演公正意识的狄德罗并没有取得胜利。
     Diderot was determined to express his personal view on art and, in the meantime, try to justify his judgments.
     出于对艺术的爱好和自身敏锐的哲学思想,狄德罗试图对艺术发表个人的看法,并在实践中进行检验。
     The philosophy ideas of Zhang Zai and Diderot hold an important role in Chinese and Western philosophy history.
     张载和狄德罗的哲学思想在中西哲学史上独树一帜。
     In France school teachers are advised to avoid authors deemed offensive to Muslims, including Voltaire and Diderot.
     在法国的学校里,教师们被告知要避免提及令穆斯林反感的作者,包括伏尔泰与狄德罗。
     Something of that idea we still find everywhere, in Diderot, in Voltaire and even in Kant.
     这种想法仍然到处可见,在狄德罗、伏尔泰甚至康德的学说中,都可以找到这种思想的存在。
     I hate Diderot; he is an ideologist, a declaimer, and a revolutionist, a believer in God at bottom.
     我恨狄德罗,他是个空想家,大言不惭,还搞革命,实际上却信仰上帝。
     He corresponded with Diderot and Rousseau.
     他和狄德罗和卢梭有书信往来。
     Diderot is an enlightenment philosopher.
     狄德罗是一位启蒙哲学家。
     Diderot said, "when woman is the theme, the pen must be dipped in the rainbow, and the pages must be dried with a butterfly's wing."
     狄德罗说:"当女性是主题时,笔头需浸满彩虹,而纸张需用蝴蝶翅膀来擦干。"
     You know: Diderot receives a fabulously luxurious robe, then bit by bit, ends up upgrading every aspect of his life so that everything matches the quality of the new robe.
     你知道,狄德罗收到一件浴袍,出奇地精美华贵,于是他一点点努力,全方位地提升自己的生活品质,以此来匹配这件新浴袍的质地。
     The expression of Diderot is a traditional, good, and for the community at large, especially by the ruling class of the moral sense of recognition.
     狄德罗表达的是一种传统的、向善的、为社会大多数人特别是统治阶层所认可的道德意识。
     In Rameau's Nephew, Denis Diderot expressed his reflection on Didactic morality through shaping the figure-Rameau's Nephew.
     在《拉摩的侄儿》这部小说中,狄德罗通过对拉摩的侄儿这一形象的塑造,体现了他对启蒙伦理的反思。




     Mike: Do you know Diderot?
     麦克:你知道狄德罗吗?
     Daisy: A little, I know he edited the Encyclopedie.
     黛西:一点点,我知道他编写了《百科全书》。
     Mike: Have you read it?
     麦克:你看过这本书吗?
     Daisy: Of course not.
     黛西:当然没有。
     Mike: Do you know his philosophical ideas?
     麦克:你知道他的哲学观点吗?
     Daisy: I can't remember, why do you ask about him?
     黛西:我不记得了,你为什么说起他?
     Mike: We have to discuss him in the philosophical class tomorrow.
     麦克:我们明天再在哲学课上讨论他。
     Daisy: Have you do some research about him?
     黛西:你对他做了一些研究吗?
     Mike: Yes I have, but his ideas are too complicated.
     麦克:我查了,但他的想法太复杂了。
     Daisy: He is a complicated man.
     黛西:他是个复杂的人。
     Mike: Maybe I'll talk something else about him, like his literature works.
     麦克:我还是说说他别的方面吧,比如说他的文学作品。
     Daisy: He has contributed in various fields, there is a lot to talk about.
     黛西:他在很多领域都有贡献,可以说的很多。
     Mike: Why these ancient people know so many things?
     麦克:为什么这些古代的人知道这么多?
     Daisy: Yes, that's strange. Maybe we have degenerated.
     黛西:是的,很奇怪。也许我们退化了。
    

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