托福阅读人文社科类文章解析

　　对于社科类文章，词汇依然不能小看和忽视。日常一定要通过词汇书以及词汇资料去积累记忆，其次就是及时对托福文章进行精读，归纳整理。

　　Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes, material success, and better lives.T20 (1) 2

　　According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT

　　A.the desire to move from one place to the next.

　　B.the hope of improving their socioeconomic status.

　　C.the opportunity to change jobs.

　　D.the need to escape religious or political crises.

　　我们首先看题目，题目问的是美国人向西迁徙的原因。因此要注意动作的发出者是American，以American定位到了1.the class structure was less rigid社会结构相对不僵硬死板; 2.some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position.人们换工作更容易同时相信提高社会经济地位是他们的义务，即对应B选项提高社会经济地位的希望和C选项换工作的机会 3. many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement.许多美国人是根深蒂固地不安，无根，有抱负的人。所以这些社会特点对迁徙有促进作用，而且不断向西前进的勇者突破了驻扎的边缘。这即对应了A选项从一个地方移到另一个地方的欲望。而D选项逃离宗教的破坏并不是美国人离开的原因，而对应的是上文的European ancestors欧洲祖先发出的。

　　重点词、词组

　　Remarkable：非凡的;奇异的

　　Uproot：使离开家园(或熟悉的地方等)

　　Stratified：有不同社会等级的，分层的

　　Inherited：继承(金钱、财产等)

　　Rigid：死板的;僵硬的

　　Nomadic：游牧(生活)的