雅思阅读真题中典型长难句分析

　　毫无疑问，攻克阅读中的长难句是雅思阅读获得理想分数必不可少的一步。在雅思阅读备考前期，与其盲目的进行题海战术，还不如将剑桥真题里典型的长难句进行系统的分析整理，这样做的效果可谓是既节省了时间精力，也能如期为下一阶段的备考打下坚实的基础。下面，就典型语法点来介绍阅读中的长难句该如何突破，今天所介绍的长难句语法点就是“过去分词作后置定语”。

　　过去分词在雅思阅读中作后置定语的情况简直如of，on等介词在一篇文章中出现的情况一样多，这一知识点不仅不能忽视，还应该熟练掌握。

　　先来举几个过去分词的例子：

　　1.This is the book recommended by the teacher.

　　2.The person invited to the conferenceis my old friend.

　　3.The vase broken by my sonhas been swept away.

　　根据上面三个例句，如果将划线的部分去掉，并不影响整个句子语法的正确性，可见，划线部分的作用是修饰补充，有了它们，句子更具体，没有它们，句子也不是错误的。

　　是的，划线部分就是“过去分词作后置定语”，其所充当的作用就定语的作用，只是后置了。

　　过去分词作后置定语的表现形式：名词+ v-ed

　　特点：放在被修饰名词后(要不也不会叫后置了)

　　作用：表示被动，即这个过去分词与它前面的名词是被动的关系(大家可以再次体会下上面三个例句)

　　需要大家注意的是，千万不要把句子里的“过去分词”当成是该句的谓语动词!此外，老师还需要大家注意的是，“过去分词作后置定语”相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

　　大家可以把上面三个例句转换成定语从句的形式：

　　1.This is the book that isrecommended by the teacher.

　　2.The person who isinvited to the conference is my old friend.

　　3.The vase that wasbroken by my son had been swept away.

　　大家可以再次体会一下~

　　接下来，带领大家进入到雅思阅读长难句之“过去分词作后置定语”的模式中。

　　1.Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.(剑11T1P1)

　　2.The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decadesthat 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss. (剑9T2P1)

　　3.They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, markedby the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis: the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year,definedby the changing season that accompany our planet’s revolution around the sun. (剑8T1P1)

　　4.The percentage of Gross National Product spent on educationis reasonably similar in the two countries, so how is this higher and more consistent attainment in maths achieved? (剑8T4P1)