你会对太阳过敏吗?

Do you have reactions when you go out in the sun? You could have a sun allergy. There are four different types of these allergies: solar urticaria, polymorphyic light eruption or PMLE, photoallergic reaction, and actinic prurigo, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

在阳光下还会有什么反应吗?是的，你可能对阳光过敏。根据克利夫兰诊所的说法，这些过敏有四种不同类型:日光性荨麻疹、多形性日光疹(PMLE)、光过敏和光线性痒疹。

Solar urticaria is a rare sun allergy that causes hives. While rare, it can be severe enough to cause anaphylactic shock, a potentially deadly reaction if not treated with an epinephrine injection in time. PMLE is more common, affecting up to 15% of people in the United States. It causes rashes, itching, and blisters. A photoallergic reaction is a sun allergy that happens when a chemical is applied to the skin and causes an allergic reaction when exposed to the sun. Actinic prurigo runs in families and is most common among the indigenous people of America and causes itchy crusted bumps called nodules (via Cleveland Clinic).

日光性荨麻疹是一种罕见的太阳过敏，导致荨麻疹。虽然罕见，但严重时足以引起过敏性休克，如果不及时注射肾上腺素，可能致命。多形性日光疹更常见，在美国影响高达15%的人。它会引起皮疹、瘙痒和水泡。光过敏是一种阳光过敏，当一种化学物质涂抹在皮肤上，暴露在阳光下会引起过敏反应。光线性痒疹有家族遗传，在美国原住民中最常见，会导致结节的发痒的结痂肿块。

Common symptoms of sun allergy are rashes, redness, itching, blisters, hives, pain, bumps, scaling, crusting, burning, and sometimes bleeding, according to Sparrow Health and Verywell Health. If you have these symptoms during or after sun exposure, make an appointment with a dermatologist for a diagnosis and treatment plan.

据Sparrow Health和Verywell Health称，太阳过敏的常见症状是皮疹、发红、瘙痒、水泡、荨麻疹、疼痛、肿块、剥落、结痂、灼烧，有时还会出血。如果你在日晒期间或之后出现这些症状，请预约皮肤科医生进行诊断和治疗。

The exact cause of a sun allergy is usually unknown unless it's caused by a medication. Some antibiotics, pain relievers such as ketoprofen, chemotherapy medications, antihistamines, diuretics, heart medications, or diabetes medications can cause a sun allergy or sensitivity (via Mayo Clinic).

太阳过敏的确切原因通常是未知的，除非是由药物引起的。一些抗生素、止痛药(如酮洛芬)、化疗药物、抗组胺药、利尿剂、心脏病药物或糖尿病药物可能导致阳光过敏或敏感。

Risk factors for sun allergies include family history, race, some substances, and other skin conditions. You're more likely to have a sun allergy if you're Caucasian, have family members with sun allergies, or have some type of dermatitis. Certain substances like fragrances or specific chemicals in lotions, sunblocks, perfumes, insect repellants, and disinfectants can cause a sun allergy. Avoid skincare products with fragrances, perfumes, and sunblock lotions with chemicals. Wear gloves when disinfecting your home to avoid a skin reaction (via Sparrow Health).

太阳过敏的风险因素包括家族病史、种族、某些物质和其他皮肤状况。如果你是白种人，你的家人对太阳过敏，或者有某种类型的皮炎，那么你更有可能对太阳过敏。某些物质，如香水或乳液、防晒霜、香水、驱虫剂和消毒剂中的特定化学物质会导致阳光过敏。避免使用含有香料、香水和含有化学物质的防晒乳液的护肤品。在给家里消毒时戴上手套以避免皮肤反应。

Call 911 if you have any signs of anaphylactic shock or heatstroke, like hives, severe rash, trouble breathing, confusion, high fever, fast heart rate, nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, or swelling in your tongue, throat, or face (via Verywell Health).

如果你有任何过敏性休克或中暑的迹象，如荨麻疹、严重皮疹、呼吸困难、神志不清、高烧、心率加快、恶心、呕吐、心跳不规则或舌头、喉咙或脸部肿胀，请拨打911。