鱼和人类一样，会感受到痛苦

Fish feel pain in a “strikingly similar” way to mammals including humans, a new study claims.

一项新的研究声称，鱼类与包括人类在内的哺乳动物有着“惊人的相似”的痛感。

Injured fish will attempt to soothe their wounds, hyperventilate and even starve themselves due to pain, researchers say.

研究人员说，受伤的鱼会试图抚平伤口，过度呼吸，甚至会因为疼痛而饿死自己。

The existence of pain in mammals is a long-known fact and helped give rise to veganism and vegetarianism.

哺乳动物存在疼痛是一个众所周知的事实，并有助于产生纯素食主义和素食主义。

But many diets exclude meat but include fish, often due to a lack of evidence over whether fish feel pain.

但许多素食者不吃肉，却吃鱼类，这往往是因为缺乏证据证明鱼类是否会感到疼痛。

Now a study claims that fish do feel pain in similar ways to mammals – including humans.

现在一项研究表明，鱼类和哺乳动物——包括人类——的确有类似的痛感。

Fish given an electric shock in one part of the tank stopped feeding there, researchers from the University of Liverpool reported in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B journal.

利物浦大学的研究人员在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B》上发表的研究报告称，在水箱的一部分受到电击后，鱼会停止进食。

The fish would refuse to feed for three days, effectively starving themselves.

这些鱼会连续三天拒绝进食，实际上是让自己挨饿。

Another type of fish called a perch would not feed as frequently after its mouth had been damaged by a fishing hook.

另一种叫做鲈鱼的鱼，在它的嘴被鱼钩钩破后，就不那么频繁地进食了。

This indicates that the fish had been hurt by the injury.

这表明这条鱼受伤了。

Other fish were documented hyperventilating, waving their injury tails and rubbing parts of their body after an injury.

另一些鱼在受伤后出现换气过度、摆动受伤的尾巴和摩擦身体的部分。

Now experts say fish should be treated more humanely.

现在专家说，鱼应该得到更人道的对待。

This includes using less damaging hooks to catch fish and killing fish more quickly after being caught, researchers say.

研究人员表示，这包括使用破坏性较小的鱼钩捕鱼，以及在捕鱼后更快地杀死鱼。

“When subject to a potentially painful event, fishes show adverse changes in behavior such as suspension of feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided,” said Dr. Lynne Sneddon, of the University of Liverpool.

利物浦大学的Lynne Sneddon博士说：“当鱼类受到潜在的痛苦事件的影响时，它们会表现出行为上的不良变化，例如停止进食和活动减少，而当提供止痛药时，这些都会被阻止。”

“When the fish’s lips are given a painful stimulus, they rub the mouth against the side of the tank – much like we rub our toe when we stub it.”

“当鱼的嘴唇受到痛苦的刺激时，它们会用嘴摩擦水箱的侧面——就像我们碰到脚趾时一样。”

“If we accept fish experience pain, then this has important implications for how we treat them. Care should be taken when handling fish to avoid damaging their sensitive skin. And they should be humanely caught and killed.”

“如果我们接受鱼会经历疼痛，那么这对我们如何对待它们就有重要的意义。处理鱼类时应小心，以免伤害它们敏感的皮肤。他们应该被人道地抓住并杀死。”

Scientists believe that almost all animals can detect when they’ve been injured.

科学家们相信几乎所有的动物都能察觉自己何时受伤。

But there has been uncertainty around whether fish feel pain because they have a much simpler brain.

但鱼是否感到疼痛还存在不确定性，因为它们的大脑要简单得多。

So researchers examined decision-making and behavior after injuries – and used painkillers in an attempt to “fix” this.

因此，研究人员检查了受伤后的决策和行为，并使用止痛药试图“修复”这一问题。

For instance, zebrafish exposed to hot temperates wouldn’t swim as far. But this behavior changed after morphine was introduced to the water.

例如，暴露在高温下的斑马鱼不会游得那么远。但在吗啡被注入水中后，这种行为发生了改变。

Also, zebrafish and trout reacted in similar ways to acidic chemicals that create a burning sensation.

另外，斑马鱼和鳟鱼对酸性化学物质的反应类似，会产生灼烧感。

“Anyone who has seen fish gasping for air while trapped in a trawler’s net, impaled at the end of a line, or floundering on the deck of a boat is sure to recognize that these animals experience fear, pain and distress – just like humans do,” said PETA director Elisa Allen, in a statement given to The Sun.

善待动物组织的负责人艾莉莎艾伦说：“任何人看到鱼被困在拖网里、被刺穿在钓索末端或在船甲板上挣扎时喘气，一定要意识到这些动物正经历恐惧、痛苦和悲伤，就像人类一样。”在一份给太阳报的声明中。

“Fish are intelligent, have unique personalities and value their own lives and the more we learn about these fascinating animals, the harder it is for humans to justify sticking a fork in them.”

“鱼很聪明，有独特的个性，重视自己的生命，我们对这些迷人的动物了解得越多，人类就越难证明在它们身上插一把叉子是对的。”

Renowned marine biologist Sylvia Earle said, “I wouldn’t deliberately eat a grouper any more than I’d eat a cocker spaniel. They’re so good-natured, so curious.”

著名的海洋生物学家西尔维娅·厄尔说：“我不会故意吃石斑鱼，就像吃可卡猎犬一样。他们是那么善良，那么好奇。”

“Delicious fish-free fish fingers, faux fishcakes and even vegan prawns are all readily available.”

“美味的无鱼炸鱼条，人造鱼饼，甚至素食虾都很容易买到。”

“And not only are these better for animals and the world’s oceans, but they also offer all the taste but none of the toxins or cholesterol found in cruelly obtained fish flesh.”

“这些不仅对动物和世界海洋更好，而且它们提供了所有的味道，却没有在残酷获取的鱼肉中发现的毒素或胆固醇。”